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      Number of years with type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults: a cross-sectional study Translated title: Número de años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su asociación con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas: un estudio transversal

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction The average life expectancy, as well as the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), is increasing worldwide. Population-based studies have demonstrated that the duration of T2D has been associated with cognitive impairment. However, despite the high prevalence of T2D and cognitive impairment in Chile, the association between years with T2D and suspicion of cognitive impairment has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between duration of T2D and suspicion of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults. Material and Methods 1,040 older adults aged ≥60 years from the Chilean National Health Survey (2009-2010) were included. Suspicion of cognitive impairment was assessed by the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The number of years with T2D was self-reported and categorised into four groups. Poisson Regression analysis was used to assess the association between altered MMSE and the number of years with DM2, adjusted by potential confounders including socio-demographic, lifestyle, adiposity and health-related factors. Results When the analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic factors, people who had T2D for 15 to 24 and ≥25 years had 2.2-times (95%CI: 1.07; 3.33) and 5.8-times (95%CI: 3.81; 11.0) higher relative risk (RR) of cognitive impairment, compared to those without T2D. When the analyses were additionally adjusted for lifestyle and health-related covariates, the RR for cognitive impairment was 1.76-times (95%CI: 1.02; 2.50) and 4.54-times (95%CI: 2.70; 6.38) higher for those who had T2D for 14-24 years and ≥25 years, respectively. Conclusions Number of years with T2D was associated with suspicion of cognitive impairment. A longer duration of T2D was associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment in the Chilean older population, independently of confounder factors included in the study.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La esperanza de vida está aumentando en todo el mundo, así como la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Estudios poblacionales han demostrado que la duración de la DM2 se ha asociado con el deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, a pesar de la alta prevalencia de DM2 y deterioro cognitivo en Chile, aún no se ha investigado la asociación entre años con DM2 y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación entre la duración de la DM2 y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas. Material y Métodos Participaron 1.040 personas ≥60 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile (2009-2010). El deterioro cognitivo se evaluó mediante el Mini Examen del Estado Mental abreviado (MMSE). El número de años con DM2 fue categorizado en cuatro grupos. Para valorar la asociación entre MMSE alterado y el número de años con DM2, se utilizó una regresión de Poisson, ajustados a posibles factores de confusión sociodemograficos, de estilos de vida, adiposidad y salud. Resultados Cuando se ajustaron los análisis por factores sociodemográficos, las personas con 15 a 24 y ≥25 años con DM2 presentaron 2,2 veces (IC95%: 1,07; 3,33) y 5,8 veces (IC95%: 3,81; 11,0) riesgo relativo (RR) de deterioro cognitivo, en comparación con aquellas sin DM2. Luego de ajustar adicionalmente los análisis para las covariables relacionadas con el estilo de vida y la salud, el RR para deterioro cognitivo fue 1,76 veces (IC95%: 1,02; 2,50) y 4,54 veces (IC95%: 2,70; 6,38) más alto para aquellas personas con 14-24 y ≥25 años de DM2. Conclusiones Se asoció el número de años con DM2 con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Una mayor duración de la DM2 se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de deterioro cognitivo en la población mayor chilena.

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            Dementia and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes and prediabetic stages: towards targeted interventions.

            Type 2 diabetes is associated with dementia, and also with more slight cognitive decrements. In this Review we discuss trajectories from normal cognition to dementia in people with type 2 diabetes, and explore opportunities for treatment. Slight diabetes-associated cognitive decrements and dementia affect different age groups and show a different evolution. These cognitive entities should therefore not be regarded as a continuum, although their effects might be additive. Vascular damage is a key underlying process in both entities. Glucose-mediated processes and other metabolic disturbances might also have a role. No treatment has been established, but management of vascular risk factors and optimisation of glycaemic control could have therapeutic benefit. We identify possible opportunities for intervention to improve cognitive outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes, and suggest how treatment can be tailored to individual risk profiles and comorbidities. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

              This study examined the association of diabetes with the onset of dementia (including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and any dementia) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by using a quantitative meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for articles published up to December 2010. All studies that examined the relationship between diabetes and the onset of dementia or MCI were included. Pooled relative risks were calculated using fixed and random effects models. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, and 6184 subjects with diabetes and 38 530 subjects without diabetes were included respectively. All subjects were without dementia or MCI at baseline. The quantitative meta-analysis showed that subjects with diabetes had higher risk for AD (relative risk (RR):1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-1.77), VD (RR: 2.48, 95% CI: 2.08-2.96), any dementia (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.31-1.74) and MCI (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45) than those without. The quantitative meta-analysis showed that diabetes was a risk factor for incident dementia (including AD, VD and any dementia) and MCI. © 2012 The Authors. Internal Medicine Journal © 2012 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                September 2021
                : 25
                : 3
                : 316-325
                Affiliations
                [8] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Centro de Vida Saludable Chile
                [3] Glasgow orgnameUniversity of Glasgow orgdiv1Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences orgdiv2British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre United Kingdom
                [9] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento de Salud Pública Chile
                [17] Talca Maule orgnameUniversidad Católica del Maule orgdiv1Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS) Chile
                [11] Concepcion Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Faculty of Pharmacy orgdiv2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Chile
                [7] Valdivia Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología Chile
                [13] Rotterdam orgnameErasmus University Medical Center orgdiv1Department of Epidemiology Netherlands
                [1] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Medicine Faculty Spain
                [12] Prague orgnameLIGS University Czech Republic
                [5] Edinburgh orgnameThe University of Edinburgh orgdiv1The Queen’s Medical Research Institute orgdiv2Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research United Kingdom
                [2] Glasgow orgnameUniversity of Glasgow orgdiv1Institute of Health and Wellbeing United Kingdom
                [14] Chillan orgnameUniversidad del Bío-Bío orgdiv1Facultad de Educación y Humanidades orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación Calidad de Vida, Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación Chile
                [15] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Centro de Vida Saludable y Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología Chile
                [10] Concepcion Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Department of Basic Science Chile
                [6] Valdivia Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Instituto de Farmacia Chile
                [4] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Diego Portales orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile
                [16] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Mayor orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE) Chile
                Article
                S2174-51452021000300316 S2174-5145(21)02500300316
                10.14306/renhyd.25.3.1256
                4f3f7129-98cf-4d5b-aa80-656b3773fd1a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 January 2021
                : 17 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigations

                Envejecimiento,Disfunción Cognitiva,Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2,Aging,Cognitive Dysfunction,Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

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