Assessment of stem cell carriers for tendon tissue engineering in pre-clinical models

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Tendon injuries are prevalent and problematic, especially among young and otherwise healthy individuals. The inherently slow innate healing process combined with the inevitable scar tissue formation compromise functional recovery, imposing the need for the development of therapeutic strategies. The limited number of low activity/reparative capacity tendon-resident cells has directed substantial research efforts towards the exploration of the therapeutic potential of various stem cells in tendon injuries and pathophysiologies. Severe injuries require the use of a stem cell carrier to enable cell localisation at the defect site. The present study describes advancements that injectable carriers, tissue grafts, anisotropically orientated biomaterials, and cell-sheets have achieved in preclinical models as stem cell carriers for tendon repair.

Related collections

Most cited references 115

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

Kuen Lee, David Mooney (2001)

0 comments Cited 1009 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Identification of tendon stem/progenitor cells and the role of the extracellular matrix in their niche.

Yanming Bi, Driss Ehirchiou, Tina Kilts … (2007)

The repair of injured tendons remains a great challenge, largely owing to a lack of in-depth characterization of tendon cells and their precursors. We show that human and mouse tendons harbor a unique cell population, termed tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs), that has universal stem cell characteristics such as clonogenicity, multipotency and self-renewal capacity. The isolated TSPCs could regenerate tendon-like tissues after extended expansion in vitro and transplantation in vivo. Moreover, we show that TSPCs reside within a unique niche predominantly comprised of an extracellular matrix, and we identify biglycan (Bgn) and fibromodulin (Fmod) as two critical components that organize this niche. Depletion of Bgn and Fmod affects the differentiation of TSPCs by modulating bone morphogenetic protein signaling and impairs tendon formation in vivo. Our results, while offering new insights into the biology of tendon cells, may assist in future strategies to treat tendon diseases.

0 comments Cited 429 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Structure of the tendon connective tissue.

P Kannus (2000)

Tendons consist of collagen (mostly type I collagen) and elastin embedded in a proteoglycan-water matrix with collagen accounting for 65-80% and elastin approximately 1-2% of the dry mass of the tendon. These elements are produced by tenoblasts and tenocytes, which are the elongated fibroblasts and fibrocytes that lie between the collagen fibers, and are organized in a complex hierarchical scheme to form the tendon proper. Soluble tropocollagen molecules form cross-links to create insoluble collagen molecules which then aggregate progressively into microfibrils and then into electronmicroscopically clearly visible units, the collagen fibrils. A bunch of collagen fibrils forms a collagen fiber, which is the basic unit of a tendon. A fine sheath of connective tissue called endotenon invests each collagen fiber and binds fibers together. A bunch of collagen fibers forms a primary fiber bundle, and a group of primary fiber bundles forms a secondary fiber bundle. A group of secondary fiber bundles, in turn, forms a tertiary bundle, and the tertiary bundles make up the tendon. The entire tendon is surrounded by a fine connective tissue sheath called epitenon. The three-dimensional ultrastructure of tendon fibers and fiber bundles is complex. Within one collagen fiber, the fibrils are oriented not only longitudinally but also transversely and horizontally. The longitudinal fibers do not run only parallel but also cross each other, forming spirals. Some of the individual fibrils and fibril groups form spiral-type plaits. The basic function of the tendon is to transmit the force created by the muscle to the bone, and, in this way, make joint movement possible. The complex macro- and microstructure of tendons and tendon fibers make this possible. During various phases of movements, the tendons are exposed not only to longitudinal but also to transversal and rotational forces. In addition, they must be prepared to withstand direct contusions and pressures. The above-described three-dimensional internal structure of the fibers forms a buffer medium against forces of various directions, thus preventing damage and disconnection of the fibers.

0 comments Cited 245 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Sunny Akogwu Abbah

Kyriakos Spanoudes

Timothy O’Brien

Abhay Pandit

Dimitrios I Zeugolis

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Stem Cell Res Ther

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Stem Cell Res Ther

Title: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 1757-6512

Publication date Collection: 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 18 March 2014

Publication date PMC-release: 18 March 2015

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Page: 38

Affiliations

[1 ]Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Bioscience Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland

[2 ]Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Bioscience Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland

Article

Publisher ID: scrt426

DOI: 10.1186/scrt426

PMC ID: 4056691

PubMed ID: 25157898

SO-VID: 4f547dff-19f6-4a75-9058-54016fba2d30

License:

The licensee has exclusive rights to distribute this article, in any medium, for 12 months following its publication. After this time, the article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Assessment of stem cell carriers for tendon tissue engineering in pre-clinical models

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

cGMP: Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications Conference

Most cited references 115

Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

Identification of tendon stem/progenitor cells and the role of the extracellular matrix in their niche.

Structure of the tendon connective tissue.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 461

Cited by 32

Most referenced authors 1,591