14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Expression of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in the Rat Pituitary

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Circulating TSH levels are increased in hypothyroidism and suppressed in hyperthyroidism. On the other hand, the hypothalamic hormone somatostatin suppresses basal and TRH-induced TSH release, an effect which is enhanced by thyroid hormones. To investigate whether the effects of thyroid hormones on TSH secretion may be mediated in part through alterations in the gene expression of pituitary somatostatin receptors (SSTR), 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered hypothyroid with antithyroid drugs for 3 weeks. Total RNA extracted from anterior pituitaries were analysed for SSTR mRNA levels, using Northern blot hybridization. Compared to controls, hypothyroid rats had significantly lower pituitary mRNA levels of SSTR1 and SSTR2 (p < 0.0001 for both, n = 16); the reductions could be prevented by T<sub>4</sub> supplementation (3 µg/100 g body weight/day i.p.). In vitro studies using GH<sub>4</sub>C<sub>1</sub> rat pituitary cells showed that the addition of T<sub>3</sub> 10<sup>–8</sup>  M to cells cultured in charcoal-stripped bovine calf serum resulted in significant increases in mRNA levels of SSTR1 (p < 0.0001; n = 7) and the two transcripts of SSTR2 (p < 0.0005; n = 7). The increase for SSTR1 showed no further increase with higher doses of T<sub>3</sub>, but was time-dependent and could be seen consistently after 8 h of incubation. We conclude that thyroid hormones regulate the gene expression of SSTR subtypes in the pituitary, via a direct action on anterior pituitary cells. Changes in SSTR gene expression may contribute to the increase in circulating TSH levels in hypothyroidism.

          Related collections

          Most cited references3

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.

          A new method of total RNA isolation by a single extraction with an acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform mixture is described. The method provides a pure preparation of undegraded RNA in high yield and can be completed within 4 h. It is particularly useful for processing large numbers of samples and for isolation of RNA from minute quantities of cells or tissue samples.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Sequence analysis of the promoter region of the rat somatostatin receptor subtype 1 gene.

            Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype genes are differentially expressed in brain and various peripheral tissues. RNA blotting and semiquantitative PCR analyses have revealed low levels of SSTR1 mRNA in the gastrointestinal tract and relatively high levels in GH3 anterior pituitary cells. As a first step in the investigation of the regulation of SSTR1 gene expression, we isolated a genomic fragment that contains the promoter region and determined the transcriptional initiation site. The SSTR1 gene lacks introns and TATA and CAAT motifs, but possesses several consensus recognition sequences for the transcription factors GCF and AP-2. The presence, also, of two Pit-1 binding sites could explain the high SSTR1 mRNA levels in GH3 cells.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Sex-related differences and thyroid hormone regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide gene expression in the rat brain and pituitary

              To determine the effects of hypothyroidism and sexual dimorphism on the gene expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the rat brain, VIP mRNA levels were measured in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary of control and hypothyroid (thionamide-treated) rats. A tissue-specific increase in VIP mRNA level was observed in the hypothyroid pituitary. In addition, higher levels of VIP mRNA were found in the pituitaries of male rats suggesting a sex-related difference in VIP gene expression. Similar differences were not observed in the cortex or hypothalamus.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEN
                Neuroendocrinology
                10.1159/issn.0028-3835
                Neuroendocrinology
                S. Karger AG
                0028-3835
                1423-0194
                1999
                June 1999
                14 June 1999
                : 69
                : 6
                : 460-464
                Affiliations
                Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                Article
                54450 Neuroendocrinology 1999;69:460–464
                10.1159/000054450
                10364699
                4f59b698-8e56-4885-b93a-0b663b826278
                © 1999 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, References: 20, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Thyroid Hormone Feedback on Brain and Pituitary

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Thyroid hormones,Somatostatin receptor,Thyrotropin,Gene expression,Molecular neuroendocrinology

                Comments

                Comment on this article