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      Efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

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          Abstract

          Amburana cearensis is a medicinal plant known as "cumaru". It is used in Northeast Brazil in the treatment of respiratory diseases. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma. The study consisted of 3 phases, pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was comparison of the changes reported by patients of the cumaru and placebo groups after treatment, using the "Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire" (AQLQ). The secondary outcome was the effect of cumaru syrup on lung function based on spirometry. The results showed that in the cumaru group, the proportion of patients who had global improvement in asthma symptoms was significantly greater (61.90%, P=0.0009) than in the placebo group (9.52%). Only the spirometric parameters Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed significant intergroup differences in post-treatment (P<0.05). The hematological and serum chemistry tests performed in the pre-treatment and post-treatment showed no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Adverse events were reported by 3 patients (14.29%) in the cumaru group and 3 patients (14.29%) in the placebo group. All adverse events were considered non-serious and mild.

          Translated abstract

          Amburana cearensis é uma planta medicinal conhecida como "cumaru". No Nordeste do Brasil é usada no tratamento de doenças respiratórias. Este é um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e segurança do xarope de cumaru como terapia complementar da asma persistente leve. O estudo consistiu de três fases, pré-tratamento, tratamento e pós-tratamento. A variável primária para determinação da eficácia foi a comparação das mudanças referidas pelos pacientes dos grupos cumaru e placebo após o tratamento, usando o "Questionário sobre Qualidade de Vida na Asma" (QQVA). A variável secundária foi o efeito do xarope de cumaru na função pulmonar baseado na espirometria. Os resultados mostraram que no grupo cumaru, a proporção de pacientes com melhora global dos sintomas da asma foi significativamente maior (61,90%, P=0.0009) que no grupo placebo (9,52%). Somente os parâmetros espirométricos, capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), mostraram diferença intergrupo significtivas no pós-tratamento (P<0.05). Os testes hematológicos e do soro realizados no pré-tratamento e pós-tratamento não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P>0.05). Eventos adversos foram reportados por 3 pacientes (14,29%) no grupo cumaru e 3 (14,29%) no grupo placebo. Todos os eventos adversos foram não sérios e leves.

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          Most cited references27

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          Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary.

          Asthma is a serious health problem throughout the world. During the past two decades, many scientific advances have improved our understanding of asthma and ability to manage and control it effectively. However, recommendations for asthma care need to be adapted to local conditions, resources and services. Since it was formed in 1993, the Global Initiative for Asthma, a network of individuals, organisations and public health officials, has played a leading role in disseminating information about the care of patients with asthma based on a process of continuous review of published scientific investigations. A comprehensive workshop report entitled "A Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention", first published in 1995, has been widely adopted, translated and reproduced, and forms the basis for many national guidelines. The 2006 report contains important new themes. First, it asserts that "it is reasonable to expect that in most patients with asthma, control of the disease can and should be achieved and maintained," and recommends a change in approach to asthma management, with asthma control, rather than asthma severity, being the focus of treatment decisions. The importance of the patient-care giver partnership and guided self-management, along with setting goals for treatment, are also emphasised.
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            Determining a minimal important change in a disease-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire.

            This study was carried out to determine whether the minimal important difference, in evaluative quality of life instruments which use a 7-point scale, is similar across individual domains and for both improvement and deterioration. Thirty nine adults with asthma were studied, using an 8 week cohort with assessments at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. The outcomes were the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and global rating of change. For overall asthma-specific quality of life and for all individual domains (activities, emotions, symptoms), the minimal important difference of quality of life score per item was very close to 0.5 (range: 0.42-0.58); differences of approximately 1.0 represented a moderate change (range: 0.77-1.51); differences greater than 1.5 represented large changes. Changes for improvement and deterioration were very similar. The changes in quality of life score that represent a minimal important difference are very similar to those observed for other evaluative instruments. The observation that the minimal important difference is consistent across domains and for both improvement and deterioration will facilitate interpretation of results of studies examining quality of life.
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              Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma.

              Asthma is a global health problem affecting around 300 million individuals of all ages, ethnic groups and countries. It is estimated that around 250,000 people die prematurely each year as a result of asthma. Concepts of asthma severity and control are important in evaluating patients and their response to treatment, as well as for public health, registries, and research (clinical trials, epidemiologic, genetic, and mechanistic studies), but the terminology applied is not standardized, and terms are often used interchangeably. A common international approach is favored to define severe asthma, uncontrolled asthma, and when the 2 coincide, although adaptation may be required in accordance with local conditions. A World Health Organization meeting was convened April 5-6, 2009, to propose a uniform definition of severe asthma. An article was written by a group of experts and reviewed by the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases review group. Severe asthma is defined by the level of current clinical control and risks as "Uncontrolled asthma which can result in risk of frequent severe exacerbations (or death) and/or adverse reactions to medications and/or chronic morbidity (including impaired lung function or reduced lung growth in children)." Severe asthma includes 3 groups, each carrying different public health messages and challenges: (1) untreated severe asthma, (2) difficult-to-treat severe asthma, and (3) treatment-resistant severe asthma. The last group includes asthma for which control is not achieved despite the highest level of recommended treatment and asthma for which control can be maintained only with the highest level of recommended treatment. Published by Mosby, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjps
                Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
                Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2175-9790
                December 2012
                : 48
                : 4
                : 629-637
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameFederal University of Ceará orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
                Article
                S1984-82502012000400006 S1984-8250(12)04800400006
                10.1590/S1984-82502012000400006
                4f6dfd52-efaf-4ed7-b480-aff5b2ee82f2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 July 2012
                : 18 March 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Review

                Asthma,Asma,Amburana cearensis,Cumaru syrup,Xarope de Cumaru

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