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      Low levels of crustacean parasite infestation in fish species from the Matapi River in the state of Amapá, Brazil Translated title: Baixos níveis de infestação de parasitos crustáceos em espécies de peixes do Rio Matapi no estado do Amapá (Brasil)

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          Abstract

          Abstract This first study investigated the crustacean parasite fauna in 66 species of fish from the Matapi River basin, state of Amapá (Brazil). Fish were collected every two months between March 2012 and August 2013, encompassing dry and rainy seasons. Among the 66 species examined (corresponding to 722 fish specimens) only 11 species were parasitized. The infestation prevalence was 2.2%, and a total of 48 specimens of parasites were distributed between three different parasite groups. These included Argulus elongatus, Dolops reperta and Argulus multicolor (Branchiura), Ergasilus xinguensis and Gamidactylus sp. (Copepoda), and Isopoda (Braga patagonica), but branchiuran species were predominant. This was the first report of these parasite species for Leporinus fasciatus, Astyanax bimaculatus, Curimata incompta, Pygocentrus nattereri, Crenicichla cincta, Crenicichla johanna, Geophagus camopiensis, Pterophyllum scalare, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Hypostomus plecostomus and Propimelodus eigenmanni. Lastly, this study expands the range of occurrence of these six parasite species to the Matapi River basin in eastern Amazon.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Este primeiro estudo investigou a fauna parasitária de crustáceos em 66 espécies de peixes da bacia do Rio Matapi, estado do Amapá (Brasil). Os peixes foram coletados bimestralmente no período de março de 2012 a agosto de 2013, nas estações de estiagem e chuvosa. Entre as 66 espécies (correspondendo a 722 espécimes) somente 11 espécies estavam parasitadas. A prevalência de infestação foi 2,2% e um total de 48 espécimes foram distribuídos em três grupos de parasitos. Esses incluem Branchiura (Argulus elongatus, Dolops reperta e Argulus multicolor), Copepoda (Ergasilus xinguensis e Gamidactylus sp.) e Isopoda (Braga patagonica), mas a dominância foi de espécies de branchiuras. Este foi o primeiro relato dessas espécies de parasitos para Leporinus fasciatus, Astyanax bimaculatus, Curimata incompta, Pygocentrus nattereri, Crenicichla cincta, Crenicichla johanna, Geophagus camopiensis, Pterophyllum scalare, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Hypostomus plecostomus e Propimelodus eigenmanni. Por fim, este estudo expande a ocorrência dessas seis espécies de parasitos para a bacia do Rio Matapi na Amazônia oriental.

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          Most cited references12

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          Checklist of Crustacea parasitizing fishes from Brazil

          Here we provide a checklist of the crustacean species parasitizing both marine and freshwater fishes from Brazil. We list a total of 134 species of parasitic crustaceans associated with 205 species of fishes in Brazil. The data from this study added to the checklist of Copepoda in Brazilian fishes published in 2007 give a total of 251 species of parasitic crustaceans associated with 279 fish species currently known in Brazil. The majority of species of Crustacea listed as parasites of Brazilian fishes are Copepoda with 186 species registered. A total of 741 parasite-host associations were observed. Copepoda was the group with more host-parasite associations, totaling 419 associations. When comparing these data with those recorded for the fishes from other parasite hotspots of Neotropics (Mexico and Caribbean), it is possible to affirm that the fauna of parasitic crustaceans of Brazilian fishes is the richest in the region.
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            A new species of Ergasilus (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) from Geophagus altifrons and G. argyrostictus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the Brazilian Amazon.

            A new species of ergasilid copepod, Ergasilus xinguensis n. sp., is described from females found on the gills of two cichlid fishes, Geophagus argyrostictus (Kullander, 1991) (type host) and G. altifrons (Heckel, 1840), from the Brazilian Amazon. The new species can be distinguished from congeners by the unique combination of the following characteristics: the cephalothorax is not inflated and is slightly constricted, the first antennulary segment bears 3 setae, maxillule with 3 unequal outer setae without minute process medially, maxilla has a large syncoxa with one seta near its basis, first and fourth legs are with a 3-segmented endopod, base of the exopod in leg 2 with a conspicuous bluntly-pointed projection and caudal ramus with two rows of curved conical spinules on ventral surface. The new species is the second member of Ergasilus von Nordmann, 1832 found on cichlids of the genus Geophagus (Heckel).
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              Behavioural adaptations of argulid parasites (Crustacea: Branchiura) to major challenges in their life cycle

              Fish lice (Argulus spp.) are obligate ectoparasites, which contrary to most aquatic parasites, retain the ability to swim freely throughout the whole of their life. In fish farms, they can quickly increase in numbers and without effective control cause argulosis, which results in the reduced growth and survival of their fish hosts. The morphology of Argulus spp, including their sensory organs, is suitable for both parasitism and free-swimming. By spending a considerable amount of time away from their host, these parasites risk being excessively dispersed, which could endanger mating success. Here we present a review of recent studies on the behaviour of Argulus spp, especially the aggregative behaviour that mitigates the dilution of the parasite population. Aggregation of parasites, which is especially important during the period of reproduction, occurs on different scales and involves both the aggregation of the host and the aggregation of the parasites on the host. The main behavioural adaptations of Argulus spp, including searches for hosts and mates, host manipulation and host choice, are all focused on the fish. As these ectoparasites repeatedly change hosts and inflict skin damage, they can act as vectors for fish pathogens. The development of environmentally friendly measures for the control and prevention of argulosis needs to take into account the behaviour of the parasites.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbpv
                Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
                Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária (Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil )
                0103-846X
                1984-2961
                July 2019
                : 28
                : 3
                : 493-498
                Affiliations
                [02] Macapá Amapá orgnameEmbrapa Amapá Brazil
                [01] Macapá Amapá orgnameUniversidade Federal do Amapá orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal Brazil
                Article
                S1984-29612019000300493
                10.1590/s1984-29612019006
                31188939
                4f72d79f-ea57-46eb-a0d1-3d65db87bf54

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 January 2019
                : 17 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Short Communication

                Amazon,infestação,peixes de água doce,ectoparasitos,Amazônia,infestation,freshwater fish,ectoparasites

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