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      Diabetes and Wound Angiogenesis

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 2 , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: diabetes, wound healing, angiogenesis

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Diabetes Mellitus Type II (DM2) is a growing international health concern with no end in sight. Complications of DM2 involve a myriad of comorbidities including the serious complications of poor wound healing, chronic ulceration, and resultant limb amputation. In skin wound healing, which has definite, orderly phases, diabetes leads to improper function at all stages. While the etiology of chronic, non-healing diabetic wounds is multi-faceted, the progression to a non-healing phenotype is closely linked to poor vascular networks. This review focuses on diabetic wound healing, paying special attention to the aberrations that have been described in the proliferative, remodeling, and maturation phases of wound angiogenesis. Additionally, this review considers therapeutics that may offer promise to better wound healing outcomes.

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          Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine.

          Peter Carmeliet (2005)
          The growth of blood vessels (a process known as angiogenesis) is essential for organ growth and repair. An imbalance in this process contributes to numerous malignant, inflammatory, ischaemic, infectious and immune disorders. Recently, the first anti-angiogenic agents have been approved for the treatment of cancer and blindness. Angiogenesis research will probably change the face of medicine in the next decades, with more than 500 million people worldwide predicted to benefit from pro- or anti-angiogenesis treatments.
          Article 0 comments Cited 797 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Molecular regulation of vessel maturation.

            Rakesh Jain (2003)
            The maturation of nascent vasculature, formed by vasculogenesis or angiogenesis, requires recruitment of mural cells, generation of an extracellular matrix and specialization of the vessel wall for structural support and regulation of vessel function. In addition, the vascular network must be organized so that all the parenchymal cells receive adequate nutrients. All of these processes are orchestrated by physical forces as well as by a constellation of ligands and receptors whose spatio-temporal patterns of expression and concentration are tightly regulated. Inappropriate levels of these physical forces or molecules produce an abnormal vasculature--a hallmark of various pathologies. Normalization of the abnormal vasculature can facilitate drug delivery to tumors and formation of a mature vasculature can help realize the promise of therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue engineering.
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              Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis.

              C. Raman Suri, P Maisonpierre, Benjamin Aldrich … (1997)
              Angiogenesis is thought to depend on a precise balance of positive and negative regulation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is an angiogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Like vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang1 is essential for normal vascular development in the mouse. An Ang1 relative, termed angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang1 and Tie2. Transgenic overexpression of Ang2 disrupts blood vessel formation in the mouse embryo. In adult mice and humans, Ang2 is expressed only at sites of vascular remodeling. Natural antagonists for vertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases are atypical; thus, the discovery of a negative regulator acting on Tie2 emphasizes the need for exquisite regulation of this angiogenic receptor system.
              Article 0 comments Cited 340 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: July 2017
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1419
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; uokonk2@ 123456uic.edu
                [2 ]Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: Ldipiet@ 123456uic.edu ; Tel.: +1-312-355-0432
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-18-01419
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071419
                PMC ID: 5535911
                PubMed ID: 28671607
                SO-VID: 4f98af54-8dd5-47c6-adcb-a1ebe77b2fde
                Copyright © © 2017 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 May 2017
                Date accepted : 22 June 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: diabetes,wound healing,angiogenesis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: diabetes, wound healing, angiogenesis

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