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      Diabetes and Wound Angiogenesis

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 2 , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: diabetes, wound healing, angiogenesis

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          Abstract

          Diabetes Mellitus Type II (DM2) is a growing international health concern with no end in sight. Complications of DM2 involve a myriad of comorbidities including the serious complications of poor wound healing, chronic ulceration, and resultant limb amputation. In skin wound healing, which has definite, orderly phases, diabetes leads to improper function at all stages. While the etiology of chronic, non-healing diabetic wounds is multi-faceted, the progression to a non-healing phenotype is closely linked to poor vascular networks. This review focuses on diabetic wound healing, paying special attention to the aberrations that have been described in the proliferative, remodeling, and maturation phases of wound angiogenesis. Additionally, this review considers therapeutics that may offer promise to better wound healing outcomes.

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          Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine.

          Peter Carmeliet (2005)
          The growth of blood vessels (a process known as angiogenesis) is essential for organ growth and repair. An imbalance in this process contributes to numerous malignant, inflammatory, ischaemic, infectious and immune disorders. Recently, the first anti-angiogenic agents have been approved for the treatment of cancer and blindness. Angiogenesis research will probably change the face of medicine in the next decades, with more than 500 million people worldwide predicted to benefit from pro- or anti-angiogenesis treatments.
          Article 0 comments Cited 819 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Molecular regulation of vessel maturation.

            Rakesh Jain (2003)
            The maturation of nascent vasculature, formed by vasculogenesis or angiogenesis, requires recruitment of mural cells, generation of an extracellular matrix and specialization of the vessel wall for structural support and regulation of vessel function. In addition, the vascular network must be organized so that all the parenchymal cells receive adequate nutrients. All of these processes are orchestrated by physical forces as well as by a constellation of ligands and receptors whose spatio-temporal patterns of expression and concentration are tightly regulated. Inappropriate levels of these physical forces or molecules produce an abnormal vasculature--a hallmark of various pathologies. Normalization of the abnormal vasculature can facilitate drug delivery to tumors and formation of a mature vasculature can help realize the promise of therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue engineering.
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              The basic science of wound healing.

              George Broughton, Jeffrey E. Janis, Christopher Attinger (2006)
              Understanding wound healing today involves much more than simply stating that there are three phases: "inflammation, proliferation, and maturation." Wound healing is a complex series of reactions and interactions among cells and "mediators." Each year, new mediators are discovered and our understanding of inflammatory mediators and cellular interactions grows. This article will attempt to provide a concise report of the current literature on wound healing by first reviewing the phases of wound healing followed by "the players" of wound healing: inflammatory mediators (cytokines, growth factors, proteases, eicosanoids, kinins, and more), nitric oxide, and the cellular elements. The discussion will end with a pictorial essay summarizing the wound-healing process.
              Article 0 comments Cited 341 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: July 2017
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1419
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; uokonk2@ 123456uic.edu
                [2 ]Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: Ldipiet@ 123456uic.edu ; Tel.: +1-312-355-0432
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-18-01419
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071419
                PMC ID: 5535911
                PubMed ID: 28671607
                SO-VID: 4f98af54-8dd5-47c6-adcb-a1ebe77b2fde
                Copyright © © 2017 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 May 2017
                Date accepted : 22 June 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: diabetes,wound healing,angiogenesis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: diabetes, wound healing, angiogenesis

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