Influence of FTO rs9939609 and Mediterranean diet on body composition and weight loss: a randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Background

The Mediterranean diet (MeD) plays a key role in the prevention of obesity. Among the genes involved in obesity, the Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is one of the most known, but its interaction with MeD remained uncertain so far.

Methods

We carried out a study on a sample of 188 Italian subjects, analyzing their FTO rs9939609 alleles, and the difference in body composition between the baseline and a 4-weeks nutritional intervention. The sample was divided into two groups: the control group of 49 subjects, and the MeD group of 139 subjects.

Results

We found significant relations between MeD and both variation of total body fat (ΔTBFat) (p = 0.00) and gynoid body fat (p = 0.04). ∆TBFat (kg) demonstrated to have a significant relation with the interaction diet-gene (p = 0.04), whereas FTO was associated with the variation of total body water (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

MeD demonstrated to be a good nutritional treatment to reduce the body fat mass, whereas data about FTO remain uncertain. Confirming or rejecting the hypothesis of FTO and its influence on body tissues during nutritional treatments is fundamental to decide whether its effect has to be taken into consideration during both development of dietetic plans and patients monitoring.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT01890070. Registered 01 July 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01890070

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Most cited references 26

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The medical risks of obesity.

Xavier Pi-Sunyer (2009)

Obesity is at epidemic proportions in the United States and in other developed and developing countries. The prevalence of obesity is increasing not only in adults, but especially among children and adolescents. In the United States in 2003 to 2004, 17.1% of children and adolescents were overweight, and 32.2% of adults were obese. Obesity is a significant risk factor for and contributor to increased morbidity and mortality, most importantly from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, but also from cancer and chronic diseases, including osteoarthritis, liver and kidney disease, sleep apnea, and depression. The prevalence of obesity has increased steadily over the past 5 decades, and obesity may have a significant impact on quality-adjusted life years. Obesity is also strongly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Despite the substantial effects of obesity, weight loss can result in a significant reduction in risk for the majority of these comorbid conditions. Those comorbidities most closely linked to obesity must be identified to increase awareness of potential adverse outcomes. This will allow health care professionals to identify and implement appropriate interventions to reduce patient risk and mortality. A systematic search strategy was used to identify published literature between 1995 and 2008 that reported data from prospective longitudinal studies of obesity and comorbid medical conditions. This article will review evidence for significant associations of obesity with comorbidities to provide information useful for optimal patient management.

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Inactivation of the Fto gene protects from obesity.

Julia Fischer, Linda Koch, Christian Emmerling … (2009)

Several independent, genome-wide association studies have identified a strong correlation between body mass index and polymorphisms in the human FTO gene. Common variants in the first intron define a risk allele predisposing to obesity, with homozygotes for the risk allele weighing approximately 3 kilograms more than homozygotes for the low risk allele. Nevertheless, the functional role of FTO in energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that the loss of Fto in mice leads to postnatal growth retardation and a significant reduction in adipose tissue and lean body mass. The leanness of Fto-deficient mice develops as a consequence of increased energy expenditure and systemic sympathetic activation, despite decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and relative hyperphagia. Taken together, these experiments provide, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration that Fto is functionally involved in energy homeostasis by the control of energy expenditure.

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Oxidative demethylation of 3-methylthymine and 3-methyluracil in single-stranded DNA and RNA by mouse and human FTO.

Guifang Jia, Cai-Guang Yang, Shangdong Yang … (2008)

The human obesity susceptibility gene, FTO, encodes a protein that is homologous to the DNA repair AlkB protein. The AlkB family proteins utilize iron(II), alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) and dioxygen to perform oxidative repair of alkylated nucleobases in DNA and RNA. We demonstrate here the oxidative demethylation of 3-methylthymine (3-meT) in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and 3-methyluracil (3-meU) in single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) by recombinant human FTO protein in vitro. Both human and mouse FTO proteins preferentially repair 3-meT in ssDNA over other base lesions tested. They showed negligible activities against 3-meT in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In addition, these two proteins can catalyze the demethylation of 3-meU in ssRNA with a slightly higher efficiency over that of 3-meT in ssDNA, suggesting that methylated RNAs are the preferred substrates for FTO.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Laura Di Renzo: laura.di.renzo@uniroma2.it

Giorgia Cioccoloni:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-9182

giorgia.cioccoloni@students.uniroma2.eu

Simone Falco: simonefalcobio@gmail.com

Ludovico Abenavoli: l.abenavoli@unicz.it

Alessandra Moia: alessandra_moia@yahoo.it

Paola Sinibaldi Salimei: paola.sinibaldi@uniroma2.it

Antonino De Lorenzo: delorenzo@uniroma2.it

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Transl Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Transl Med

Title: Journal of Translational Medicine

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1479-5876

Publication date (Electronic): 12 November 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 12 November 2018

Publication date Collection: 2018

Volume: 16

Electronic Location Identifier: 308

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2300 0941, GRID grid.6530.0, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, , University of Rome Tor Vergata, ; Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2300 0941, GRID grid.6530.0, PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, , University of Rome Tor Vergata, ; Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2168 2547, GRID grid.411489.1, Department of Health Sciences, , University of Magna Græcia, ; Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2300 0941, GRID grid.6530.0, PhD School of History and Philosophical-social Sciences, , University of Rome Tor Vergata, ; Via Orazio Raimondo 18, 00173 Rome, Italy

Author information

Giorgia Cioccoloni http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-9182

Article

Publisher ID: 1680

DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1680-7

PMC ID: 6233363

PubMed ID: 30419927

SO-VID: 4faf8276-2bd7-469f-8210-45a21c13c36e

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 6 August 2018

Date accepted : 6 November 2018

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: nutrigenetics,fto,mediterranean diet,body composition

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: nutrigenetics, fto, mediterranean diet, body composition

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Influence of FTO rs9939609 and Mediterranean diet on body composition and weight loss: a randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Herbal Medicines Journal (Herb Med J)

Most cited references 26

The medical risks of obesity.

Inactivation of the Fto gene protects from obesity.

Oxidative demethylation of 3-methylthymine and 3-methyluracil in single-stranded DNA and RNA by mouse and human FTO.

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Cited by 20

Most referenced authors 1,185