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      Use and effects of cannabinoids in military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
      Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

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          Abstract

          Published evidence regarding the use of cannabis and cannabis derivatives by military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is reviewed.

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          The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories.

          Giovanni Marsicano, Carsten Wotjak, Shahnaz Azad … (2002)
          Acquisition and storage of aversive memories is one of the basic principles of central nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom. In the absence of reinforcement, the resulting behavioural response will gradually diminish to be finally extinct. Despite the importance of extinction, its cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and endocannabinoids are present in memory-related brain areas and modulate memory. Here we show that the endogenous cannabinoid system has a central function in extinction of aversive memories. CB1-deficient mice showed strongly impaired short-term and long-term extinction in auditory fear-conditioning tests, with unaffected memory acquisition and consolidation. Treatment of wild-type mice with the CB1 antagonist SR141716A mimicked the phenotype of CB1-deficient mice, revealing that CB1 is required at the moment of memory extinction. Consistently, tone presentation during extinction trials resulted in elevated levels of endocannabinoids in the basolateral amygdala complex, a region known to control extinction of aversive memories. In the basolateral amygdala, endocannabinoids and CB1 were crucially involved in long-term depression of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-mediated inhibitory currents. We propose that endocannabinoids facilitate extinction of aversive memories through their selective inhibitory effects on local inhibitory networks in the amygdala.
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            Post-traumatic stress disorder.

            Rachel Yehuda (2002)
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              The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters.

              Sandro Galea, Arijit Nandi, David Vlahov (2005)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
                ISSN (Print): 1079-2082
                ISSN (Electronic): 1535-2900
                Publication date Created: August 01 2015
                Publication date Created: August 01 2015
                Publication date Other: August 01 2015
                Publication date (Print): August 01 2015
                Volume: 72
                Issue: 15
                Pages: 1279-1284
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Barnes-Jewish Hospital
                [2 ]University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, KS
                [3 ]University of Minnesota Medical Center Minneapolis. At the time of writing, all authors were Pharm.D. students, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA
                Article
                DOI: 10.2146/ajhp140523
                PubMed ID: 26195653
                SO-VID: 4fc4c595-0eba-43ec-87fc-00924aa263ea
                Copyright © © 2015
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