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      Neosporosis y toxoplasmosis en la liebre europea (Lepus europaeus) en la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina) Translated title: Infectious diseases and reproductive status in european hare (Lepus europaeus) in La Pampa province (Argentina)

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          Abstract

          El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia a Neospora caninum (Nc) y Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) y conocer el periodo reproductivo de la liebre europea (Lepus europaeus) en la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina). Para ello se muestrearon 106 liebres procedentes de acopiadores de la provincia de La Pampa. Los sueros fueron analizados por un ensayo inmunoenzimático de competición para determinar anticuerpos a Nc y para Tg se realizó una prueba de hemaglutinación indirecta. Se encontraron 66 hembras, de las cuales 13 estaban preñadas, y 40 machos (p=0,01). Sobre un total de 44 sueros analizados para Nc, 5 (11,4%) dieron positivo. De los 106 sueros estudiados para Tg ninguno fue positivo.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these diseases and to know the reproductive season of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) in the Province of La Pampa (Argentina). To that aim, 106 hares coming from different places from La Pampa province were sampled. .Nc antibody diagnosis was performed by means of a competitive enzimoimmunoassay (ELISA-c), and an hemo-agglutination indirect assay (HAI) for Tg were carried out to know the disease status. From the total of hares sampled, 40 were male, 66 female (p=0.01) and 13 (19.7%) of them were detected as pregnant. Nc sero-prevalence was 11.4% over a total of 44. From 106 sera analyzed by HAI no one was positive for Tg.

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          Toxoplasmosis.

          Eskild Petersen (2007)
          Infections with Toxoplasma gondii occur worldwide, but are especially prevalent in Europe, South America and Africa. The primary problem for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection is long-lasting IgM-antibodies, thus the presence of T. gondii-specific IgM-antibodies do not necessarily indicate an acute infection. The use of a Toxoplasma-specific IgG-avidity ratio, differentiated Western blots and two-dimensional immunoblots usually resolves diagnostic problems. There is no consensus on the best strategy to control congenital toxoplasmosis. Recent European prospective, but descriptive, studies including a meta-analysis of existing cohorts have found a surprisingly small effect on maternal-fetal transmission and clinical signs in children treated for T. gondii infection diagnosed by pre- and neonatal screening programmes. No randomised studies exist on the treatment of T. gondii infection in pregnant women and newborn children with congenital toxoplasmosis. Atovaquone is the most promising new drug available, but is not yet approved for use in pregnant women and small children.
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            Confirmation that the dog is a definitive host for Neospora caninum.

            David Lindsay, J.P. Dubey, Robert Duncan (1999)
            Two mixed-breed littermate dogs were fed mouse brains containing tissue cysts of the NC-beef isolate of Neospora caninum. Both dogs excreted N. caninum oocysts in their feces. Dog 1 which was given methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) prior to ingesting tissue cysts, excreted oocysts on days 5 to 10 inclusive and on day 17 after ingesting tissue cysts. Dog 1 had a serum antibody titer of 1:200 in the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) 35 days after it was fed tissue cysts. Dog 2, which was not treated with MPA, excreted oocysts on Day 6 and Day 9 after ingesting tissue cysts. Antibodies to N. caninum were not found in a 1:25 dilution of serum on any examination period for Dog 2 during the study. Neospora caninum was not found in the tissues of either dog by histological or immunohistochemical means following necropsy 42 days after being fed tissue cysts. The identity of the oocysts excreted in the feces of the dogs was confirmed by mouse inoculation studies.
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              Epizootiologic and ecologic investigations of European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in selected populations from Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

              S Thiede, W. Jürgen Streich, Ulrich Fehlberg … (2003)
              From 1997-99 European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) population densities were estimated by spotlight surveys within different areas in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. These areas showed a wide variation in local hare population densities. In addition, red fox (Vulpes vulpes) densities were estimated in 1997 by surveys of fox dens and litters. Sera of 321 hares (shot between 1998-2000) from four study areas were examined for antibodies against European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Yersinia spp. (n = 299) and Francisella tularensis (n = 299) by western blotting, Brucella spp. by Rose Bengal test, and Toxoplasma gondii by Sabin-Feldman test (n = 318). Tissue samples comprising lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and adrenal glands were collected for histopathology. Liver (n = 201) and spleen (n = 201) samples were processed for the detection of T. gondii-antigen in tissue sections and 321 liver and spleen samples were investigated for EBHSV-antigen by ELISA. Furthermore, 116 hares were examined macro- and microscopically for lungworms. Significant negative correlations between hare and fox densities were found in spring and autumn 1997. Antibodies against EBHSV were detected in 92 of 321 (29%), against Yersinia spp. in 163 of 299 (55%), and against T. gondii in 147 of 318 (46%) hares. We evaluated the potential influence of origin and hunting season on exposure rates of hares using logistic regression analysis. A strong association between hare densities and exposure rates was observed for various agents. One hundred and eight of 201 (57%) hares were positive for T. gondii-antigen. All sera were negative for antibodies against Brucella spp. and F. tularensis and all lung samples were negative for lungworms. In conclusion, variation in red fox densities may have an impact on the hare populations examined and the infectious diseases we studied seem to play a subordinate role in the dynamics of European brown hare populations from Schleswig-Holstein.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Valeria Natalia Baldone: Role: ND
                Lumila Ivana Fuchs: Role: ND
                María del Carmen Rojas: Role: ND
                Marcelo Cristian Fort: Role: ND
                Cecilia Venturini: Role: ND
                Hugo Daniel Giménez: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): abcl
                Title: Acta bioquímica clínica latinoamericana
                Abbreviated Title: Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam.
                Publisher: Federación Bioquímica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina )
                ISSN (Print): 0325-2957
                ISSN (Electronic): 1851-6114
                Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2009
                Volume: 43
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 633-639
                Affiliations
                [01] Anguil La Pampa orgnameINTA orgdiv1EEA Anguil Argentina
                [02] Rauch Bs. As. orgnameINTA orgdiv1EEA Cuenca del Salado Argentina
                [03] La Plata Bs. As orgnameUniversidad Nacional de La Plata orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias orgdiv2Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias Argentina
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0325-29572009000400009
                SO-VID: 4fd4ef58-3c38-4909-93c4-321258b1b6c2
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Keywords: Competitive enzimoimmunoassay,Hemo-agglutination indirect assay,Neospora caninum,Toxoplasma gondii,Animales silvestres,Ensayo inmunoenzimático,Hemaglutinación indirecta,Wild animals
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                Keywords: Competitive enzimoimmunoassay, Hemo-agglutination indirect assay, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Animales silvestres, Ensayo inmunoenzimático, Hemaglutinación indirecta, Wild animals

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