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      Eficiencia del uso de plantas insecticidas en el control del gorgojo del maíz, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Translated title: Efficiency of using insecticide plants on control of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El gorgojo del maíz, Sitophilus zeamais, es una plaga de importancia económica en granos almacenados por lo que se requieren métodos de control alternativos y seguros. En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto de polvos vegetales sobre la mortalidad del gorgojo del maíz, el peso final de los granos de maíz, número de granos perforados, peso del material de desecho bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Se evaluaron los polvos obtenidos de cuatro especies de plantas [Ruta graveolens (ruda), Urtica dioica (ortiga), Ambrosia arborescens (marco) y Buddleja globosa (matico)] al 5% p/p y fueron comparadas con el uso de un insecticida convencional (Malathion usado como control positivo) y con un control negativo, al cual no se le hizo ningún tipo de aplicación. Para ello fueron usados 150 g de granos de maíz e infestados con 20 gorgojos adultos, los cuales fueron tratados con 7,5 g del polvo vegetal respectivo. El ensayo fue conducido en un diseño completamente aleatorizado. La ruda y el marco provocaron porcentajes de mortalidad sobre el gorgojo del maíz de 53,35 y 41,65%, respectivamente, lo cual sugiere que estas especies de planta podrían ser usadas en combinación con otras estrategias de manejo en granos almacenados. Sin embargo, se requieren hacer estudios que evalúen el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de modo a optimizar su uso.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is an economic important pest in stored grains, thus alternative and safe methods of control are required. In this study, the effect of plant powders on mortality of the maize weevil, final weight of corn kernels, number of perforated corn kernel, and weight of waste material were evaluated in laboratory conditions. Powder obtained from four plant species [Ruta graveolens (ruda), Urtica dioica (ortiga), Ambrosia arborescens (marco) y Buddleja globosa (matico)] was evaluated used at 5% w/w and then compared to a conventional insecticide (Malathion used as positive control) and to a negative control, to which no application was made. For this purpose, 150 g of kernels were used and infested with 20 adult weevils, which were treated with 7.5 g of the respective plant powder. Experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. The ruda and marco caused percentage of mortality on the maize weevil of 53.35 and 41.65%, respectively, suggesting that these plant species could be used in combination with other management strategies in stored grains. However, studies dealing with effect of different concentrations are required in order to optimize their use.

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          Reducing Postharvest Losses during Storage of Grain Crops to Strengthen Food Security in Developing Countries

          While fulfilling the food demand of an increasing population remains a major global concern, more than one-third of food is lost or wasted in postharvest operations. Reducing the postharvest losses, especially in developing countries, could be a sustainable solution to increase food availability, reduce pressure on natural resources, eliminate hunger and improve farmers’ livelihoods. Cereal grains are the basis of staple food in most of the developing nations, and account for the maximum postharvest losses on a calorific basis among all agricultural commodities. As much as 50%–60% cereal grains can be lost during the storage stage due only to the lack of technical inefficiency. Use of scientific storage methods can reduce these losses to as low as 1%–2%. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the grain postharvest losses in developing countries, the status and causes of storage losses and discusses the technological interventions to reduce these losses. The basics of hermetic storage, various technology options, and their effectiveness on several crops in different localities are discussed in detail.
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            Bioatividade de diversos pós de origem vegetal em relação A Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

            Foram avaliadas, em condições de laboratório, a repelência, sobrevivência e emergência de adultos de Sitophilus zeamais em grãos de milho tratados com pós de Azadirachta indica A. Juss (frutos), Capsicum frutescens L. (frutos e folhas, separadamente), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (folhas, flores e frutos, conjuntamente), Eucalyptus citriodora Hook (folhas), Melia azedarach Blanco (folhas) e Ricinus communis L. (folhas). As plantas que provocaram repelência foram E. citriodora e C. frutescens (folhas), com efeito mais pronunciado na primeira espécie. A única planta que afetou a sobrevivência da praga foi C. ambrosioides, que provocou mortalidade total dos insetos infestantes e nenhuma emergência de adultos. Para essa planta, foi também determinado o limiar de atividade inseticida, constatando-se que a dosagem mínima necessária para controle total da população dos insetos foi de 0,1645 g/ 20 g de milho.
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              Manejo de insectos plaga mediante sustancias semioquímicas de origen vegetal

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ia
                Investigación Agraria
                Investig. Agrar.
                Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNA. (San Lorenzo, , Paraguay )
                2305-0683
                December 2017
                : 19
                : 2
                : 120-126
                Affiliations
                [1] Provincia de Tungurahua Tungurahua orgnameUniversidad Técnica de Ambato orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Ecuador
                Article
                S2305-06832017000200120
                10.18004/investig.agrar.2017.diciembre.120-126
                4fd84d5e-3550-48a0-81f9-8532536cd15c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 October 2017
                : 03 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Notas de Investigación

                alternative control,Plagas de granos almacenados,Control alternativo,eficacia.,weevils in stored grains,efficiency.

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