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      Fase aguda da doença de Chagas na Amazônia brasileira: estudo de 233 casos do Pará, Amapá e Maranhão observados entre 1988 e 2005 Translated title: Acute phase of Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon region: study of 233 cases from Pará, Amapá and Maranhão observed between 1988 and 2005

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          Abstract

          Foram estudados 233 casos de fase aguda da doença de Chagas, oriundos do Pará, Amapá e Maranhão, observados no período de 1988 a 2005, cento e sessenta deles retrospectivamente de 1988 a 2002 e setenta e três prospectivamente de 2003 a 2005. Entre os casos estudados 78,5% (183/233) faziam parte de surtos provavelmente por transmissão oral, acometendo em média 4 pessoas e 21,5% (50/233) eram casos isolados. Foram considerados casos agudos aqueles que apresentaram exames parasitológicos diretos (a fresco, gota espessa ou Quantitative Buffy Coat - QBC) e/ou IgM anti-Trypanosoma cruzi positivos. Foram feitos ainda xenodiagnósticos em 224 pacientes e hemoculturas em 213. Todos foram avaliados clinica e epidemiologicamente. As manifestações clínicas mais freqüentes foram febre (100%), cefaléia (92,3%), mialgia (84,1%), palidez (67%), dispnéia (58,4%), edema de membros inferiores (57,9%), edema de face (57,5%) dor abdominal (44,2%), miocardite (39,9%) e exantema (27%). O eletrocardiograma mostrou alterações de repolarização ventricular em 38,5% dos casos, baixa voltagem de QRS em 15,4% e desvio de SAQRS em 11,5%, extra-sístoles ventriculares em 5,8%, bradicardia em 5,8% e taquicardia em 5,8%, bloqueio de ramo direito em 4,8% e fibrilação atrial em 4,8%. A alteração mais freqüente vista no ecocardiograma foi o derrame pericárdico em 46,2% dos casos. Treze (5,6%) pacientes evoluíram para o óbito, 10 (76,9%) dos quais por comprometimento cardiovascular, dois por complicações de origem digestiva e um de causa mal definida.

          Translated abstract

          Two hundred and thirty-three cases of the acute phase of Chagas disease, from Pará, Amapá and Maranhão, were observed between 1988 and 2005. One hundred and sixty were studied retrospectively from 1988 to 2002 and seventy-three were prospectively followed up from 2003 to 2005. Among the cases studied, 78.5% (183/233) formed part of outbreaks, probably due to oral transmission (affecting a mean of 4 individuals), and 21.5% (50/233) were isolated cases. Cases were taken to be acute if they presented positive direct parasitological tests (fresh blood, thick drop or Quantitative Buffy Coat, QBC) and/or positive anti Trypanosoma cruzi IgM. Xenodiagnosis was also performed on 224 patients and blood culturing on 213. All the patients had clinical and epidemiological evaluations. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever (100%), headache (92.3%), myalgia (84.1%), pallor (67%), dyspnea (58.4%), swelling of the legs (57.9%), facial edema (57.5%), abdominal pain (44.3%), myocarditis (39.9%) and exanthema (27%). The electrocardiogram showed abnormalities of ventricular repolarization in 38.5%, low QRS voltage in 15.4%, left-axis deviation in 11.5%, ventricular ectopic beats in 5.8%, bradycardia in 5.8%, tachycardia in 5.8%, right branch block in 4.8% and atrial fibrillation in 4.8%. The most frequently observed abnormality on the echocardiogram was pericardial effusion, in 46.2% of the cases. Thirteen (5.6%) patients died: ten (76.9%) of them due to cardiovascular involvement, two due to digestive complications and one due to indeterminate causes.

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          Emerging Chagas disease in Amazonian Brazil.

          In the Amazon Basin, Trypanosoma cruzi infection is enzootic, involving a variety of wild mammals and at least 10 of the 16 reported silvatic triatomine bug species. Human cases of Chagas disease are increasing, indicating that the disease may be emerging as a wider public health problem in the region: 38 cases from 1969 to 1992, and 167 in the past eight years. This article reviews the status of Chagas disease in Amazonian Brazil, including known reservoirs and vectors, and the genetic diversity of T. cruzi. At least three subspecific groups of T. cruzi-T. cruzilZ1, T. cruziZ3 and T. cruziZ3/Z1 ASAT--are present. It appears that T. cruzil has an extant capacity for genetic exchange. Attention is also drawn to the risk of domestic endemicity, in addition to the tasks facing the disease control authorities.
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            Chagas' disease; a clinical, epidemiologic, and pathologic study.

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              The Trypanosoma cruzi-host-cell interplay: location, invasion, retention.

              Chagas disease is a debilitating human illness caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. A capacity to invade and replicate within many different cell types is a cornerstone of the remarkable fitness of this parasite. Although invasion occurs independently of actin polymerization, the host cell still participates in the process, often in unexpected ways. Recent surprising findings indicate that host-cell lysosomes are indispensable, either by directly mediating invasion or by retaining these highly motile parasites inside cells.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsbmt
                Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
                Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - SBMT (Uberaba, MG, Brazil )
                0037-8682
                1678-9849
                December 2008
                : 41
                : 6
                : 602-614
                Affiliations
                [02] Belém PA orgnameFundação Luiz Décourt
                [03] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv2Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias
                [01] Belém PA orgnameInstituto Evandro Chagas
                Article
                S0037-86822008000600011 S0037-8682(08)04100611
                10.1590/S0037-86822008000600011
                4ff8ffd8-70e4-4309-b278-de6d5c50b8c9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 July 2008
                : 19 September 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Amazon region,Emerging diseases,Acute of chagas disease,Amazônia,Disease outbreaks,Doenças emergentes,Doença de Chagas aguda,Surtos de doenças

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