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      EFECTO DE AVENILLA (Avena fatua L.) Y BALLICA (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE TRIGO EN DOS ÁREAS AGROECOLÓGICAS Translated title: Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) effect on wheat yield at two locations

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          Abstract

          Se efectuaron dos ensayos de campo, mediante un diseño aditivo, para evaluar el efecto de densidades crecientes de avenilla (Avena fatua L.) y ballica (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), separadamente, en la producción de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) primaveral e invernal en el valle regado y la precordillera de Ñuble, respectivamente. Las densidades de avenilla fluctuaron entre 0 y 16 plantas m-2 en la precordillera andina y entre 0 y 24 plantas m-2 en el valle regado. En ballica, se utilizaron densidades de 0 a 50 plantas m-2 en la precordillera andina y de 0 a 80 plantas m-2 en el valle regado. Los datos obtenidos se ajustaron a un modelo hiperbólico para predecir el rendimiento y pérdida en rendimiento. Aumentos de una planta de avenilla m-2 significaron, aproximadamente, una pérdida de 100 kg ha-1 de trigo; mientras que cada 10 plantas de ballicas m-2, significaron una pérdida de entre 140 y 200 kg ha-1 de trigo. Densidades de 3 avenillas m-2 proyectaron una pérdida en el rendimiento de trigo de 4,5% en el valle regado y de 3,5% en la precordillera, respectivamente. Densidades de 10 plantas de ballica m-2 predijeron una pérdida en el rendimiento de trigo de 1,6% en el valle regado y de 1,3% en la precordillera. Con las pérdidas proyectadas por el modelo hiperbólico, el umbral económico varió entre 3 y 4,4 plantas de avenilla m-2 y 27 y 36 plantas de ballica m-2, dependiendo del área agroecológica y del costo del control. Hubo una respuesta lineal a la densidad de cada maleza para producir semillas por plantas no controladas en el cultivo de trigo. La mayor densidad de avenilla, 24 plantas m-2, incrementó el reservorio en el suelo en casi 2000 semillas m-2, mientras que la mayor densidad de ballica, 80 plantas m-2, lo hizo en más de 28.000 semillas m-2.

          Translated abstract

          Two experiments were conducted, through additive design, to evaluate the effect of increasing densities of wild oats (Avena fatua) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), separately, on winter and spring production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at two locations in Chile. Wild oat densities between 0 to 16 plants m-2 in the Andean foothills, and 0 to 24 plants m-2 in the irrigated valley, and Italian ryegrass densities between 0 to 50 plants m-2 in the Andean foothills, and 0 to 80 plants m-2 the irrigated valley were used. A hyperbolic model was fitted to the data to predict wheat yield and loss. Every additional wild oat plant m-2 reduced wheat yield by approximately 100 kg ha-1, while every additional 10 Italian ryegrass plants m-2 reduced wheat yield about 140 to 200 kg ha-1. Wild oat densities of 3 plants m-2 reduced wheat yield by 4.5% in the irrigated valley, and 3.5% in the Andean foothills, respectively. Italian ryegrass densities of 10 plants m-2 reduced wheat yield by 1.6% at the irrigated valley and by 1.3% at Andean foothills, respectively. With the losses projected by the hyperbolic model, the economic threshold varied between 3 and 4.4 wild oat plants m-2, and 27 and 36 Italian ryegrass plants m-2 depending on the agroecological area and weed control cost. There was a linear relationship between the number of uncontrolled weeds and the density of weed seeds in the wheat. The largest wild oat density of 24 plants m-2 increased the soil seed bank by 2,000 seeds m-2, while the largest Italian ryegrass density of 80 plants m-2 increased the soil seed bank by more than 28,000 seeds m-2.

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          Most cited references14

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          Aspects of the Design and Interpretation of Competition (Interference) Experiments

          The design and analysis of competition experiments should be based on an unambiguous objective. Recent criticisms of particular designs have been made without reference to objectives and may be misleading. Three common designs are discussed: additive, replacement series, and response surface. Additive designs are well suited to agronomic objectives; replacement series are useful for comparing pairs of species; response surface designs can be used for most objectives but may be unnecessarily complex. The published criticisms of additive and replacement series designs are argued to be acceptable limitations within the bounds of the objectives for which they are used. Concerns about these designs confounding density and proportion are irrelevant to the objectives for which they are most suited. The continued use of multiple comparison tests is argued to be illogical. Regression approaches to analysis are more relevant, many non-linear equations are now easy to fit to data and these can be used without the need for linearization. However, there are various pitfalls not adequately reported to date. In particular, error structures need to be checked carefully and over-elaborate equations should be avoided.
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            A simple model relating yield loss to weed density

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              Winter Wheat Yield Reduction from Interference by Italian Ryegrass1

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agrtec
                Agricultura Técnica
                Agric. Téc.
                Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA (Chillán )
                0365-2807
                July 2001
                : 61
                : 3
                : 294-305
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Chile
                Article
                S0365-28072001000300005
                10.4067/S0365-28072001000300005
                4ffa45f9-54eb-4736-b0c6-012ba26a73fd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0365-2807&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                Interference,economic threshold,AVEFA,LOLMU,seed production,weeds,Interferencia,umbral económico,producción de semillas,malezas

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