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      El cáncer como enfermedad profesional. Notificación y registro Translated title: Cancer as an occupational disease. Notification and registration

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El cáncer sigue constituyendo una de las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad en el mundo y también en España. El cáncer laboral ocupa un lugar prioritario dentro de las actuaciones de salud pública, destacando la importancia de obtener datos reales sobre su incidencia y prevalencia, partiendo de la situación actual caracterizada por la infranotificación. El Real Decreto 1299/2006 aprueba el cuadro de enfermedades profesionales en el sistema de Seguridad Social y establecen los criterios para su notificación y registro. El actual Cuadro comprende 6 grupos de enfermedades. El cáncer se encuadra en el grupo 6: enfermedades profesionales causadas por agentes carcinogénicos. Además del listado principal, en el anexo I, el Real Decreto incluye una lista complementaria de enfermedades cuyo origen profesional se sospecha y cuya inclusión podría contemplarse en el futuro. Existen distintas vías de declaración de la sospecha del cáncer como enfermedad profesional, siendo destacable la que pueden realizar otras especialidades, en particular Oncología, quien traslada su informe directamente al organismo competente de su CCAA para iniciar el proceso de reconocimiento o bien al médico de familia. El objetivo de la investigación del cáncer como sospecha de enfermedad profesional es detectar los riesgos que no se hubieran identificado y/o aquellos que no están controlados, corregirlos y evitar así otros daños a la salud de los trabajadores. Constituye, por ello, una fuente de información y control sobre las adecuaciones de las medidas preventivas y/o de protección adoptadas en la empresa para el cuidado de la salud de las personas que trabajan en ella.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Cancer continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and also in Spain. Occupational cancer occupies a priority place within public health actions, highlighting the importance of obtaining real data on its incidence and prevalence, based on the current situation characterized by under-reporting. Royal Decree 1299/2006 approves the table of occupational diseases in the Social Security system and establishes the criteria for their notification and registration. The current Table includes 6 groups of diseases. Cancer is classified into group 6: occupational diseases caused by carcinogenic agents. In addition to the main list, in Annex I, the Royal Decree includes a complementary list of diseases whose occupational origin is suspected and whose inclusion could be considered in the future. There are different ways of declaring the suspicion of cancer as an occupational disease, among them the one that can be made by the specialist in Oncology, who transfers his report directly to the competent body of his CCAA to start the recognition process or to the family doctor. The objective of the investigation of cancer as a suspicion of occupational disease is to detect risks that have not been identified and / or those that are not controlled, correct them and thus avoid other damage to the health of workers. For this reason, it constitutes a source of information and control over the adjustments of the preventive and / or protection measures adopted in the company for the health care of the people who work in it.

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          Most cited references15

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          Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States

          Contemporary information on the fraction of cancers that potentially could be prevented is useful for priority setting in cancer prevention and control. Herein, the authors estimate the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases and deaths, overall (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and for 26 cancer types, in adults aged 30 years and older in the United States in 2014, that were attributable to major, potentially modifiable exposures (cigarette smoking; secondhand smoke; excess body weight; alcohol intake; consumption of red and processed meat; low consumption of fruits/vegetables, dietary fiber, and dietary calcium; physical inactivity; ultraviolet radiation; and 6 cancer-associated infections). The numbers of cancer cases were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute; the numbers of deaths were obtained from the CDC; risk factor prevalence estimates were obtained from nationally representative surveys; and associated relative risks of cancer were obtained from published, large-scale pooled analyses or meta-analyses. In the United States in 2014, an estimated 42.0% of all incident cancers (659,640 of 1570,975 cancers, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and 45.1% of cancer deaths (265,150 of 587,521 deaths) were attributable to evaluated risk factors. Cigarette smoking accounted for the highest proportion of cancer cases (19.0%; 298,970 cases) and deaths (28.8%; 169,180 deaths), followed by excess body weight (7.8% and 6.5%, respectively) and alcohol intake (5.6% and 4.0%, respectively). Lung cancer had the highest number of cancers (184,970 cases) and deaths (132,960 deaths) attributable to evaluated risk factors, followed by colorectal cancer (76,910 cases and 28,290 deaths). These results, however, may underestimate the overall proportion of cancers attributable to modifiable factors, because the impact of all established risk factors could not be quantified, and many likely modifiable risk factors are not yet firmly established as causal. Nevertheless, these findings underscore the vast potential for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality through broad and equitable implementation of known preventive measures. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:31-54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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            Real Decreto Legislativo 8/2015, de 30 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social

            (2015)
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              Real Decreto 1299/2006, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se aprueba el cuadro de enfermedades profesionales en el sistema de la Seguridad Social y se establecen criterios para su notificación y registro

              (2006)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medtra
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo
                Rev Asoc Esp Espec Med Trab
                Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-6255
                3020-1160
                2021
                : 30
                : 3
                : 272-283
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameAsociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo orgdiv1Grupo Cáncer y Trabajo España
                Article
                S3020-11602021000300003 S3020-1160(21)03000300003
                502a845b-75a1-4132-8702-cca72afcdd4b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 October 2021
                : 10 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Textos Originales

                cáncer,public health,occupational medicine,occupational disease,cancer,salud pública,medicina del trabajo,oncología,enfermedad profesional

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