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      Unraveling the Root Proteome Changes and Its Relationship to Molecular Mechanism Underlying Salt Stress Response in Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)

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          Abstract

          To understand the molecular mechanism underlying salt stress response in radish, iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the differences in protein species abundance under different salt treatments. In total, 851, 706, and 685 differential abundance protein species (DAPS) were identified between CK vs. Na100, CK vs. Na200, and Na100 vs. Na200, respectively. Functional annotation analysis revealed that salt stress elicited complex proteomic alterations in radish roots involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, protein metabolism, signal transduction, transcription regulation, stress and defense and transport. Additionally, the expression levels of nine genes encoding DAPS were further verified using RT-qPCR. The integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data in conjunction with miRNAs was further performed to strengthen the understanding of radish response to salinity. The genes responsible for signal transduction, ROS scavenging and transport activities as well as several key miRNAs including miR171, miR395, and miR398 played crucial roles in salt stress response in radish. Based on these findings, a schematic genetic regulatory network of salt stress response was proposed. This study provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying salt stress response in radish roots and would facilitate developing effective strategies toward genetically engineered salt-tolerant radish and other root vegetable crops.

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          Most cited references53

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          Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms.

          Crop performance is severely affected by high salt concentrations in soils. To engineer more salt-tolerant plants it is crucial to unravel the key components of the plant salt-tolerance network. Here we review our understanding of the core salt-tolerance mechanisms in plants. Recent studies have shown that stress sensing and signaling components can play important roles in regulating the plant salinity stress response. We also review key Na+ transport and detoxification pathways and the impact of epigenetic chromatin modifications on salinity tolerance. In addition, we discuss the progress that has been made towards engineering salt tolerance in crops, including marker-assisted selection and gene stacking techniques. We also identify key open questions that remain to be addressed in the future. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Functions of microRNAs in plant stress responses.

            The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as gene regulators has led to a paradigm shift in the understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals. miRNAs have emerged as master regulators of plant growth and development. Evidence suggesting that miRNAs play a role in plant stress responses arises from the discovery that miR398 targets genes with known roles in stress tolerance. In addition, the expression profiles of most miRNAs that are implicated in plant growth and development are significantly altered during stress. These later findings imply that attenuated plant growth and development under stress may be under the control of stress-responsive miRNAs. Here we review recent progress in the understanding of miRNA-mediated plant stress tolerance. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Not just a circle: flux modes in the plant TCA cycle.

              The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is one of the iconic pathways in metabolism. The cycle is commonly thought of in terms of energy metabolism, being responsible for the oxidation of respiratory substrates to drive ATP synthesis. However, the reactions of carboxylic acid metabolism are embedded in a larger metabolic network and the conventional TCA cycle is only one way in which the component reactions can be organised. Recent evidence from labelling studies and metabolic network models suggest that the organisation of carboxylic acid metabolism in plants is highly dependent on the metabolic and physiological demands of the cell. Thus, alternative, non-cyclic flux modes occur in leaves in the light, in some developing oilseeds, and under specific physiological circumstances such as anoxia. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                14 July 2017
                2017
                : 8
                : 1192
                Affiliations
                [1] 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
                [2] 2School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huai'an, China
                [3] 3Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement Nanjing, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Hernâni Gerós, University of Minho, Portugal

                Reviewed by: Hong An, University of Missouri, United States; Athanassios Molassiotis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

                *Correspondence: Liwang Liu nauliulw@ 123456njau.edu.cn

                This article was submitted to Crop Science and Horticulture, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2017.01192
                5509946
                28769938
                502a9331-eff1-4762-bbf3-143bb0f07f09
                Copyright © 2017 Sun, Wang, Xu, Li, Zhang, Luo, Jiang and Liu.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 16 February 2017
                : 23 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 18, Words: 10929
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809
                Funded by: Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund 10.13039/100007540
                Funded by: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 10.13039/501100002858
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research

                Plant science & Botany
                radish,salt stress,itraq,proteomics,association analysis
                Plant science & Botany
                radish, salt stress, itraq, proteomics, association analysis

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