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      Acoustic information about upper limb movement in voicing

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          Significance

          We show that the human voice carries an acoustic signature of muscle tensioning during upper limb movements which can be detected by listeners. Specifically, we find that human listeners can synchronize their own movements to very subtle wrist movements of a vocalizer only by listening to their vocalizations and without any visual contact. This study shows that the human voice contains information about dynamic bodily states, breaking ground for our understanding of the evolution of spoken language and nonverbal communication. The current findings are in line with other research on nonhuman animals, showing that vocalizations carry information about bodily states and capacities.

          Abstract

          We show that the human voice has complex acoustic qualities that are directly coupled to peripheral musculoskeletal tensioning of the body, such as subtle wrist movements. In this study, human vocalizers produced a steady-state vocalization while rhythmically moving the wrist or the arm at different tempos. Although listeners could only hear and not see the vocalizer, they were able to completely synchronize their own rhythmic wrist or arm movement with the movement of the vocalizer which they perceived in the voice acoustics. This study corroborates recent evidence suggesting that the human voice is constrained by bodily tensioning affecting the respiratory–vocal system. The current results show that the human voice contains a bodily imprint that is directly informative for the interpersonal perception of another’s dynamic physical states.

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          Most cited references23

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          Evolution of vocal learning and spoken language

          Although language, and therefore spoken language or speech, is often considered unique to humans, the past several decades have seen a surge in nonhuman animal studies that inform us about human spoken language. Here, I present a modern, evolution-based synthesis of these studies, from behavioral to molecular levels of analyses. Among the key concepts drawn are that components of spoken language are continuous between species, and that the vocal learning component is the most specialized and rarest and evolved by brain pathway duplication from an ancient motor learning pathway. These concepts have important implications for understanding brain mechanisms and disorders of spoken language.
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            Multimodal Language Processing in Human Communication

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              The neurobiology of language beyond single-word processing

              In this Review, I propose a multiple-network view for the neurobiological basis of distinctly human language skills. A much more complex picture of interacting brain areas emerges than in the classical neurobiological model of language. This is because using language is more than single-word processing, and much goes on beyond the information given in the acoustic or orthographic tokens that enter primary sensory cortices. This requires the involvement of multiple networks with functionally nonoverlapping contributions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
                Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
                pnas
                pnas
                PNAS
                Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
                National Academy of Sciences
                0027-8424
                1091-6490
                26 May 2020
                11 May 2020
                11 May 2020
                : 117
                : 21
                : 11364-11367
                Affiliations
                [1] aCenter for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269;
                [2] bDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525 HR, The Netherlands;
                [3] cMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Institute Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands;
                [4] dDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269;
                [5] eDepartment of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269
                Author notes
                1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: w.pouw@ 123456psych.ru.nl .

                Edited by Asif A. Ghazanfar, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Peter L. Strick March 23, 2020 (received for review March 5, 2020)

                Author contributions: W.P., A.P., S.J.H., and J.A.D. designed research; W.P. performed research; W.P. analyzed data; and W.P. wrote the paper with critical revisions by A.P., S.J.H., and J.A.D.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8603-015X
                Article
                202004163
                10.1073/pnas.2004163117
                7260986
                32393618
                502e9550-1647-42f7-b9ab-7c439da9e041
                Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

                This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 4
                Categories
                Social Sciences
                Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
                From the Cover

                vocalization acoustics,hand gesture,interpersonal synchrony,motion tracking

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