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      The Food Additive Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (E-476): Structure, Applications, and Production Methods

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      ISRN Chemical Engineering
      Hindawi Limited

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          Abstract

          The food additive named polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and identified with the code E-476 (PGPR) is used as emulsifier in tin-greasing emulsions for the baking trade and for the production of low-fat spreads. However, the main application of PGPR is in the chocolate industry, where, besides its action as an emulsifier, it also has important properties as a viscosity modifier and thus improves the moulding properties of the molten chocolate. An additional property of PGPR in chocolate is its ability to limit fat bloom. Known chemical methods for preparing this emulsifier involve long reaction times and high operating temperatures, which adversely affect the quality of the final product leading to problems of coloration and odors that could make it inadvisable for the food industry. As an alternative, the enzymatic synthesis of PGPR by the catalytic action of two lipases has been developed. The enzymes act in mild reaction conditions of temperature and pressure, neutral pH, and in a solvent-free system, which makes the process environmentally friendly and avoids side reaction, so that the product has a higher purity and quality.

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          Most cited references55

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          Enzymatic catalysis in anhydrous organic solvents.

          Not only do enzymes work vigorously in anhydrous organic media, but in this unnatural milieu they acquire remarkable properties such as greatly enhanced stability, radically altered substrate and enantiomeric specificities, molecular memory, and the ability to catalyse unusual reactions.
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            Ester synthesis in lipase-catalyzed reactions

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              Fat bloom in chocolate and compound coatings

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ISRN Chemical Engineering
                ISRN Chemical Engineering
                Hindawi Limited
                2090-861X
                January 09 2013
                January 09 2013
                : 2013
                : 1-21
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
                Article
                10.1155/2013/124767
                5060a7fd-de3e-4a2e-bb07-051559104d1d
                © 2013

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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