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      Single virus detection from the reactive shift of a whispering-gallery mode.

      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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          Abstract

          We report the label-free, real-time optical detection of Influenza A virus particles. Binding of single virions is observed from discrete changes in the resonance frequency/wavelength of a whispering-gallery mode excited in a microspherical cavity. We find that the magnitude of the discrete wavelength-shift signal can be sufficiently enhanced by reducing the microsphere size. A reactive sensing mechanism with inverse dependence on mode volume is confirmed in experiments with virus-sized polystyrene nanoparticles. By comparing the electromagnetic theory for this reactive effect with experiments, the size and mass ( approximately 5.2 x 10(-16) g) of a bound virion are determined directly from the optimal resonance shift.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          19075225
          2603258
          10.1073/pnas.0808988106

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