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      A aplicação das normas contabilísticas de “justo valor” nas demonstrações de resultados das empresas integradas no Portuguese Stock Index-20 (PSI-20) Translated title: The application of “fair value” accounting standards to the income statements of companies listed in the Portuguese Stock Index-20 (PSI-20)

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          Abstract

          Resumo Objetivo: O método contabilístico pelo chamado “justo valor” não é consensual. Seus defensores dizem que permite encontrar o “valor correto” dos itens contabilísticos. Os críticos declaram que reduz a confiabilidade das demonstrações financeiras através de uma metodologia complexa, difícil de implementar e apoiada em informação subjetiva. Contudo, o debate tende a ignorar os impactos desse método nos impostos e nas receitas públicas. Metodologia: O caso português permite estudar os impostos e receitas públicas. Normas da União Europeia instruíram as empresas cotadas nas bolsas europeias a adotar as normas internacionais de contabilidade que preveem o “justo valor” após 2005 (inclusive). Contudo, o código do imposto empresarial português foi reformulado em 2010 de forma a restringir fortemente o “justo valor” para efeitos fiscais. Estudamos a utilização do “justo valor” nas Demonstrações de Resultados das maiores empresas cotadas na bolsa portuguesa entre 2005-2012. Resultados: Se Portugal não tivesse adotado as normas do “justo valor”, seus recolhimentos de impostos teriam sido superiores. Em todos os anos, e em quase todas as empresas estudadas, os ajustes médios são negativos. Apesar de ter sido encontrada alguma associação estatística entre os ajustes negativos e o ciclo econômico, ela não é muito forte. Como tal, o ciclo econômico não pode ser apresentado como a única explicação para o uso do “justo valor”. Contribuições: Este estudo demonstra que os debates sobre o método contabilístico do “justo valor” não podem ignorar seus possíveis impactos em termos fiscais e de receitas públicas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Purpose: “Fair value” accounting standards are not consensual. Supporters claim that they offer a methodology to find the “correct” value of accounting items, whereas critics contend that “fair value” accounting reduces the reliability of financial statements through a complex and unpractical method based on subjective information. Still, the impacts of “fair value” accounting upon taxes and public revenues are rarely discussed. Design/methodology/approach: The Portuguese case allows us to study taxation and public revenues. Through European Union norms, “fair value” standards have become mandatory after 2005 for companies listed in European stock-exchanges. Nevertheless, Portuguese corporate tax law was reformulated in 2010 to strongly restrict the use of “fair value” for taxation purposes. We study the use of “fair value” in the Income Statements of the largest companies listed in the Portuguese exchange between 2005 and 2012. Findings: If Portugal had not adopted “fair value” standards, its tax revenue would have been higher. Over all analyzed years and in almost all studied companies, average “fair value” adjustments are negative. Although a statistical association between negative adjustments and the economic cycle was found, this statistical association is not very strong. Therefore, the economic cycle cannot be used as the only explanation for the use of “fair value”. Originality/value: This paper demonstrates that discussions concerning the “fair value” accounting method must not ignore its possible impacts on government taxes and public revenue.

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          Most cited references64

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          On the Usefulness of Earnings and Earnings Research: Lessons and Directions from Two Decades of Empirical Research

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            Do Stock Prices Move Too Much to be Justified by Subsequent Changes in Dividends?

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgn
                Revista brasileira de gestão de negócios
                Rev. bras. gest. neg.
                Fundação Escola de Comércio Álvares Penteado (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1983-0807
                1806-4892
                January 2016
                : 18
                : 59
                : 67-86
                Affiliations
                [2] Lisboa orgnameUniversidade de Lisboa orgdiv1ADVANCE Research Center Portugal
                [1] Lisboa orgnameUniversidade de Lisboa orgdiv1Departamento de Gestão Portugal
                Article
                S1806-48922016000100067
                10.7819/rbgn.v18i59.2470
                508bfb97-f493-4297-8e4f-a01d010921ef

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 April 2015
                : 20 April 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 65, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                “Justo valor”,custo histórico,impostos,receitas públicas,“Fair value”,historical cost,taxes,public revenue

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