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      Innovación en la incorporación de macronutrientes en fórmulas de nutrición enteral Translated title: Innovation in the incorporation of macronutrients to enteral nutrition formulas

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          Abstract

          Resumen Se entiende por nutrición enteral la administración de nutrientes químicamente definidos y parcial o totalmente metabolizados a través del tubo digestivo, por boca o por sonda, para conseguir un aporte nutricional adecuado y eficaz. Actualmente, la nutrición enteral se considera la primera opción cuando se precisa nutrición artificial, y se reserva la nutrición parenteral para los casos en que la nutrición enteral es insuficiente o imposible. Las fórmulas enterales se agrupan, en primer lugar, según su composición, con aporte completo o no de nutrientes, forma de aporte y porcentaje proteico, densidad calórica y contenido y tipo de fibra y, en segundo lugar, según su utilización, general o específica. Pueden ser poliméricas, oligoméricas, órgano-específicas, terapéuticas, suplementos y módulos nutricionales. En todas estas formulaciones es posible realizar innovaciones basadas en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología de las enfermedades, de la composición y de las funciones de los ingredientes alimentarios que contienen nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos que ejercen efectos específicos sobre el huésped y de la tecnología de tratamiento aplicable para asegurar la mejor biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes. Este trabajo revisa algunos de los ingredientes funcionales más importantes utilizados actualmente para la innovación de productos de utilidad en nutrición enteral, así como sus efectos fisiológicos y bioquímicos en el tratamiento de diversas patologías.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Enteral nutrition consists of the administration of chemically defined nutrients which are partially or fully metabolised in the intestinal tract, by the oral route or through a tube, to get an adequate and efficient nutritional supply. Enteral nutrition is the first option when one needs artificial nutrition, keeping parenteral nutrition only for those cases for which enteral nutrition would be insufficient or impossible. Enteral nutrition formulas are classified according to their composition with complete or uncompleted supply of nutrients, administration route, and protein content, energy density and type and content of fibre, and in second term according to general or special purposes utilization. Indeed, enteral nutrition formulas can be grouped as polymeric, oligomeric, organ-specific, therapeutic formulas, and nutrition supplements and modules. All these formulas are susceptible of improvement and innovation based mainly on the knowledge of diseases physiopathology, composition and functionality of food ingredients, which in turn contain a number of specific nutrients and bioactive compounds able to exert particular effects on the patient, and on technological treatment technology that will result in the amelioration of nutrient bioavailability. The present work reviews some of the most relevant functional ingredients used today in the innovation of enteral formulas, as well as their main physiological and biochemical effects in selected pathologies.

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          Most cited references27

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          Introductory to the ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Terminology, definitions and general topics.

          The ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition are the first evidence-based European recommendations for enteral nutrition. They were established by European experts for a variety of disease groups. During guideline development it became evident that terms and definitions in clinical nutrition have been used inconsistently depending on medical disciplines as well as regional and personal preferences. Therefore, to increase explanatory accuracy it was necessary to unify them. In this chapter terms and definitions used throughout all guidelines are explained. Additionally answers to more general questions, which might be important in most indications are dealt with, i.e. use of fibre containing and diabetes formulae.
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            Food-derived Bioactive Peptides - Opportunities for Designing Future Foods

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              Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorders

              Gut microbiota plays critical physiological roles in the energy extraction and in the control of local or systemic immunity. Gut microbiota and its disturbance also appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases including metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, etc. In the metabolic point of view, gut microbiota can modulate lipid accumulation, lipopolysaccharide content and the production of short-chain fatty acids that affect food intake, inflammatory tone, or insulin signaling. Several strategies have been developed to change gut microbiota such as prebiotics, probiotics, certain antidiabetic drugs or fecal microbiota transplantation, which have diverse effects on body metabolism and on the development of metabolic disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                2018
                : 35
                : spe2
                : 4-12
                Affiliations
                [3] Madrid orgnameCiberobn Spain
                [2] Granada orgnameInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Spain
                [1] Granada Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Centro de Investigación Biomédica orgdiv2Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112018000500004 S0212-1611(18)03500200004
                10.20960/nh.1954
                50b73051-fa29-44da-8b66-3234c4bb2c77

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Bioactive compounds,Food innovation,Nutritional quality,Enteral nutrition,Nutrición enteral,Calidad nutricional,Compuestos bioactivos,Macronutrientes,Ingredientes alimentarios,Innovación alimentaria,Food ingredients,Macronutrients

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