For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
114
views
54
references
 Top references
cited by
415
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      421
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Epidemiology of severe sepsis

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Severe sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States and the most common cause of death among critically ill patients in non-coronary intensive care units (ICU). Respiratory tract infections, particularly pneumonia, are the most common site of infection, and associated with the highest mortality. The type of organism causing severe sepsis is an important determinant of outcome, and gram-positive organisms as a cause of sepsis have increased in frequency over time and are now more common than gram-negative infections.

          Recent studies suggest that acute infections worsen pre-existing chronic diseases or result in new chronic diseases, leading to poor long-term outcomes in acute illness survivors. People of older age, male gender, black race, and preexisting chronic health conditions are particularly prone to develop severe sepsis; hence prevention strategies should be targeted at these vulnerable populations in future studies.

          Related collections

          Most cited references54

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis.

          (1992)
          To define the terms "sepsis" and "organ failure" in a precise manner. Review of the medical literature and the use of expert testimony at a consensus conference. American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) headquarters in Northbrook, IL. Leadership members of ACCP/Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). An ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference was held in August of 1991 with the goal of agreeing on a set of definitions that could be applied to patients with sepsis and its sequelae. New definitions were offered for some terms, while others were discarded. Broad definitions of sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome were proposed, along with detailed physiologic variables by which a patient could be categorized. Definitions for severe sepsis, septic shock, hypotension, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were also offered. The use of severity scoring methods were recommended when dealing with septic patients as an adjunctive tool to assess mortality. Appropriate methods and applications for the use and testing of new therapies were recommended. The use of these terms and techniques should assist clinicians and researchers who deal with sepsis and its sequelae.
          Article 0 comments Cited 587 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Benchmarking the incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States.

            David F Gaieski, J. Edwards, Michael Kallan … (2013)
            In 1992, the first consensus definition of severe sepsis was published. Subsequent epidemiologic estimates were collected using administrative data, but ongoing discrepancies in the definition of severe sepsis produced large differences in estimates. We seek to describe the variations in incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States using four methods of database abstraction. We hypothesized that different methodologies of capturing cases of severe sepsis would result in disparate estimates of incidence and mortality. Using a nationally representative sample, four previously published methods (Angus et al, Martin et al, Dombrovskiy et al, and Wang et al) were used to gather cases of severe sepsis over a 6-year period (2004-2009). In addition, the use of new International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition (ICD-9), sepsis codes was compared with previous methods. Annual national incidence and in-hospital mortality of severe sepsis. The average annual incidence varied by as much as 3.5-fold depending on method used and ranged from 894,013 (300/100,000 population) to 3,110,630 (1,031/100,000) using the methods of Dombrovskiy et al and Wang et al, respectively. Average annual increase in the incidence of severe sepsis was similar (13.0% to 13.3%) across all methods. In-hospital mortality ranged from 14.7% to 29.9% using abstraction methods of Wang et al and Dombrovskiy et al. Using all methods, there was a decrease in in-hospital mortality across the 6-year period (35.2% to 25.6% [Dombrovskiy et al] and 17.8% to 12.1% [Wang et al]). Use of ICD-9 sepsis codes more than doubled over the 6-year period (158,722 - 489,632 [995.92 severe sepsis], 131,719 - 303,615 [785.52 septic shock]). There is substantial variability in incidence and mortality of severe sepsis depending on the method of database abstraction used. A uniform, consistent method is needed for use in national registries to facilitate accurate assessment of clinical interventions and outcome comparisons between hospitals and regions.
            Article 0 comments Cited 462 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Nationwide trends of severe sepsis in the 21st century (2000-2007).

              Gagan Kumar, Nilay Kumar, Amit Taneja … (2011)
              Severe sepsis is common and often fatal. The expanding armamentarium of evidence-based therapies has improved the outcomes of persons with this disease. However, the existing national estimates of the frequency and outcomes of severe sepsis were made before many of the recent therapeutic advances. Therefore, it is important to study the outcomes of this disease in an aging US population with rising comorbidities. We used the Healthcare Costs and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to estimate the frequency and outcomes of severe sepsis hospitalizations between 2000 and 2007. We identified hospitalizations for severe sepsis using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes indicating the presence of sepsis and organ system failure. Using weights from NIS, we estimated the number of hospitalizations for severe sepsis in each year. We combined these with census data to determine the number of severe sepsis hospitalizations per 100,000 persons. We used discharge status to identify in-hospital mortality and compared mortality rates in 2000 with those in 2007 after adjusting for demographics, number of organ systems failing, and presence of comorbid conditions. The number of severe sepsis hospitalizations per 100,000 persons increased from 143 in 2000 to 343 in 2007. The mean number of organ system failures during admission increased from 1.6 to 1.9 (P < .001). The mean length of hospital stay decreased from 17.3 to 14.9 days. The mortality rate decreased from 39% to 27%. However, more admissions ended with discharge to a long-term care facility in 2007 than in 2000 (35% vs 27%, P < .001). An increasing number of admissions for severe sepsis combined with declining mortality rates contribute to more individuals surviving to hospital discharge. Importantly, this leads to more survivors being discharged to skilled nursing facilities and home with in-home care. Increased attention to this phenomenon is warranted.
              Article 0 comments Cited 214 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virulence
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virulence
                Journal ID (publisher-id): VIRU
                Title: Virulence
                Publisher: Landes Bioscience
                ISSN (Print): 2150-5594
                ISSN (Electronic): 2150-5608
                Publication date (Print): 01 January 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 December 2013
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 December 2013
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 4-11
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
                [2 ]Department of Critical Care Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
                [3 ]Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Sachin Yende, Email: yendes@ 123456upmc.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2013VIRULENCE0003R Publisher Item ID: 27372
                DOI: 10.4161/viru.27372
                PMC ID: 3916382
                PubMed ID: 24335434
                SO-VID: 50ba1b86-6afd-4b6e-b165-a6617c10feac
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Landes Bioscience
                License:

                This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 06 August 2013
                Date revision received : 21 November 2013
                Date accepted : 27 November 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: severe sepsis,epidemiology,risk factors,infection,organ dysfunction
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: severe sepsis, epidemiology, risk factors, infection, organ dysfunction

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content421

                See all similar

                Cited by410

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,692

                See all reference authors