Crude Enzyme of <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. 3 Immobilized in Chitosan-Beads to Decolorize Batik Effluent

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Abstract

Batik is one of Indonesian’s cultures which has a unique symbolic meaning and has high aesthetic value for the Indonesian. The number of industries engaged in this business will bring new problems to the surrounding environment because batik effluent can pollute the river. This untreated dye effluent is very dangerous and can damage the environment because it is toxic, carcinogenic, and even mutagenic. One of the effluent treatment methods is by a biological method. The indigenous Aspergillus sp. 3 fungi are isolated from batik effluent, taken from the batik industry in Banyumas regency. The utilization of fungi for effluent treatment can be done by adsorption and enzymatic method. Degradation using enzymes is known to be more effective. Aspergillus fungi contain ligninolytic enzymes. Ligninolytic enzymes play an important role in degrading lignin on lignocellulosic substrates. This research is aimed to apply fungal enzyme immobilization for decolorization of batik effluent. Chitosan-based beads components are made with a combination of chitosan, STPP 2%, and phosphate buffer. Enzyme immobilization is done by immersing the chitosan solution in the Ligninolytic enzyme solution. Ligninolytic enzymes that are immobilized into chitosan will form beads that will be dissolved into batik effluent. The development of enzyme immobilization techniques is applied to batik effluent with a percentage of effluent decolorization until 96,8%. The best treatment results can reduce the value of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 16,500 mg/L to 4005 mg/l and can also reduce the pH value of the effluent.

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Efficiency of decolorization of different dyes using fungal biomass immobilized on different solid supports

Wioletta Przystaś, Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska, Elżbieta Grabińska-Sota (2017)

Different technologies may be used for decolorization of wastewater containing dyes. Among them, biological processes are the most promising because they seem to be environmentally safe. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of decolorization of two dyes belonging to different classes (azo and triphenylmethane dyes) by immobilized biomass of strains of fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus – BWPH, Gleophyllum odoratum – DCa and Polyporus picipes – RWP17). Different solid supports were tested for biomass immobilization. The best growth of fungal strains was observed on the washer, brush, grid and sawdust supports. Based on the results of dye adsorption, the brush and the washer were selected for further study. These solid supports adsorbed dyes at a negligible level, while the sawdust adsorbed 82.5% of brilliant green and 19.1% of Evans blue. Immobilization of biomass improved dye removal. Almost complete decolorization of diazo dye Evans blue was reached after 24 h in samples of all strains immobilized on the washer. The process was slower when the brush was used for biomass immobilization. Comparable results were reached for brilliant green in samples with biomass of strains BWPH and RWP17. High decolorization effectiveness was reached in samples with dead fungal biomass. Intensive removal of the dyes by biomass immobilized on the washer corresponded to a significant decrease in phytotoxicity and a slight decrease in zootoxicity of the dye solutions. The best decolorization results as well as reduction in toxicity were observed for the strain P. picipes (RWP17).