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      Clinical significance and role of up-regulation of SERPINA3 expression in endometrial cancer

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND

          Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA3) belongs to the serpin family with an inhibitory activity against proteases. Its aberrant expression has been observed in a wide range of tumor cells. However, its clinical significance and biological function in endometrial cancer have been rarely studied. We designed a study to determine the levels of SERPINA3 and its significance in patients with endometrial cancer.

          AIM

          To investigate the clinical significance and role of SERPINA3 expression in endometrial cancer cells.

          METHODS

          Eighty endometrial tissue samples collected from patients with endometrial cancer were included in an observation group and 80 paraffin-embedded tissues samples collected from patients with normal endometrial tissues undergoing myomectomy were employed as a control group between January 2014 and December 2018. The expression of SERPINA3 mRNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for all endometrial tissues included in the study.

          RESULTS

          The positive expression rate of SERPINA3 protein in endometrial cancer cells was 71.25% in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (31.25%; P < 0.05). There was no correlation between SERPINA3 protein in endometrial cancer cells and the age range at which women experienced menopause ( P > 0.05). However, it was associated with pathological grade, clinical stage, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.05). Pathological grade, clinical stage, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for endometrial cancer.

          CONCLUSION

          The follow-up study of SERPINA3 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for endometrial cancer and as one of the targets for bio-targeted therapy for endometrial cancer.

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          Endometrial cancer: Molecular markers and management of advanced stage disease

          Paul Goodfellow, Bayley A Jones, Rebecca Arend … (2018)
          Article 0 comments Cited 71 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            From tumor cell metabolism to tumor immune escape.

            Martin Villalba, Moeez G. Rathore, Nuria Lopez-Royuela … (2013)
            Tumorigenesis implies adaptation of tumor cells to an adverse environment. First, developing tumors must acquire nutrients to ensure their rapid growth. Second, they must escape the attack from the host immune system. Recent studies suggest that these phenomena could be related and that tumor cell metabolism may propel tumor immune escape. Tumor cell metabolism tends to avoid mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and largely relies on glycolysis to produce energy. This specific metabolism helps tumor cells to avoid the immune attack from the host by blocking or avoiding the immune attack. By changing their metabolism, tumor cells produce or sequester a variety of amino acids, lipids and chemical compounds that directly alter immune function therefore promoting immune evasion. A second group of metabolism-related modification targets the major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) and related molecules. Tumor MHC-I presents tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) and hence, sensitizes cancer cells to the cytolytic actions of the anti-tumor adaptive immune response. Blocking tumor mitochondrial activity decreases expression of MHC-I molecules at the tumor cell surface. And peroxynitrite (PNT), produced by tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, chemically modifies MHC-I avoiding TAA expression in the plasma membrane. These evidences on the role of tumor cell metabolism on tumor immune escape open the possibility of combining drugs designed to control tumor cell metabolism with new procedures of anti-tumor immunotherapy. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Bioenergetic dysfunction, adaptation and therapy. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
            Article 0 comments Cited 46 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Management Strategies for Recurrent Endometrial Cancer.

              Elizabeth V. Connor, Peter G Rose (2018)
              Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world, and its incidence is increasing. Mortality from this cancer has not improved in recent decades and is primarily driven by high-grade carcinomas that are more likely to present at an advanced stage and ultimately are more likely to recur. The prognosis for recurrent endometrial cancer is poor, especially for the 50% of these women that present with extrapelvic disease recurrence. As a standard of care, recurrent disease has been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy; however, new therapies are emerging as we identify drivers of proliferation and metastasis at the cellular and molecular levels. Areas Covered: We review currently available data for the management of recurrent endometrial cancer, with a focus on systemic treatment of recurrent disease. We discuss the available evidence for first-line, second-line, and subsequent systemic therapy and discuss emerging therapeutic targets including their biologic plausibility and early clinical data. Expert Commentary: Endometrial cancer, though prevalent, remains underfunded and understudied. Recurrent and metastatic disease remains difficult to treat, and prospective randomized data are limited. Our ability to reduce mortality due to this cancer is dependent on identifying new and effective therapeutic strategies for recurrent disease.
              Article 0 comments Cited 39 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Mian-Li Zhou
                Fang-Shan Chen
                Hui Mao
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): World J Clin Cases
                Journal ID (publisher-id): WJCC
                Title: World Journal of Clinical Cases
                Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
                ISSN (Electronic): 2307-8960
                Publication date (Print): 6 August 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 August 2019
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 15
                Pages: 1996-2002
                Affiliations
                Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
                Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
                Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China. 15196087724@ 123456163.com
                Author notes

                Author contributions: Zhou ML, Chen FS, and Mao H designed the study and wrote the manuscript.

                Corresponding author: Hui Mao, MD, Professor, Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China. 15196087724@ 123456163.com

                Telephone: +86-830-2397165

                Article
                Other ID: jWJCC.v7.i15.pg1996
                DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.1996
                PMC ID: 6695533
                PubMed ID: 31423431
                SO-VID: 50c76a5c-5321-4f2f-8eee-a4f52fb92557
                Copyright © ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

                History
                Date received : 28 April 2019
                Date revision received : 19 June 2019
                Date accepted : 3 July 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Observational Study

                Keywords: serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade a member 3,endometrial cancer,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,expression
                Data availability:
                Keywords: serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade a member 3, endometrial cancer, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, expression

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