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      Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide in chronic migraine: an adjusted indirect treatment comparison Translated title: Comparación indirecta ajustada de anticuerpos monoclonales contra el péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina en migraña crónica

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: New monoclonal antibodies against the calcitonin generelated peptide pathway have recently been developed for the prevention of migraine. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against the calcitonin generelated peptide pathway drugs in chronic migraine through an adjusted indirect treatment comparison, and to establish whether they can be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives in this pathology. Method: A bibliographic search of randomized clinical trials was performed in PubMed database on December 26, 2019. The inclusion criteria were phase II/III randomized clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies against the calcitonin generelated peptide pathway with similar population, length of follow-up and treatment comparator. The reduction of at least 50% migraine-days/month was selected as efficacy endpoint. Chronic migraine was defined as ≥ 15 headache days/month, of which ≥ 8 were migraine-days (event duration ≥ 4 hours). Randomized clinical trials with different clinical chronic migraine context and definition of disease were excluded. An indirect treatment comparison was developed using Bucher’s method. The equivalent therapeutic alternatives positioning guide was used for the evaluation of potentially equivalent alternatives. Delta value (Δ, maximum difference as clinical criterion of equivalence) was calculated as half of absolute risk reduction obtained in a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials included in indirect treatment comparison. Results: Thirty randomized clinical trials were found: erenumab (n = 12), fremanezumab (n = 7), galcanezumab (n = 10) and eptinezumab (n = 1). Three studies were selected: one of erenumab, one of fremanezumab and another of eptinezumab. The rest were not included in indirect treatment comparison for non-compliance of inclusion criteria. Results of indirect treatment comparison among different regimens of studied drugs showed no statistically significant differences, and the most part of 95% confidence interval was within calculated delta margins (Δ = 9.5%). No relevant safety differences among the three drugs were found. Conclusions: Indirect treatment comparison showed no statistically significant differences in reduction of ≥ 50% migraine days/month between erenumab, fremanezumab and eptinezumab. Probable clinical equivalence was found between these drugs in terms of efficacy and safety, therefore they could be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives in chronic migraine.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Recientemente se han desarrollado anticuerpos monoclonales contra la vía del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina para la prevención de la migraña. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la eficacia de los fármacos anticuerpos monoclonales contra la vía del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina en migraña crónica a través de una comparación indirecta ajustada, y establecer si pueden considerarse alternativas terapéuticas equivalentes en esta patología. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en la base de datos PubMed el 26 de diciembre de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados fase II/III de anticuerpos monoclonales contra la vía del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina con similar población, duración de seguimiento y comparador. Se seleccionó la reducción de al menos un 50% de días de migraña/mes como variable de eficacia. Se definió migraña crónica como ≥ 15 días de dolor de cabeza/mes, de los cuales ≥ 8 fueron días de migraña (duración del evento ≥ 4 horas). Se excluyeron los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con diferentes contextos clínicos de migraña crónica y definición de enfermedad. Se desarrolló una comparación indirecta ajustada utilizando el método de Bucher. Para la evaluación de la posible equivalencia terapéutica se siguieron las directrices de la guía de alternativas terapéuticas equivalentes de posicionamiento. El valor delta (Δ, máxima diferencia como criterio clínico de equivalencia) se calculó como la mitad de la reducción absoluta del riesgo obtenida en un metaanálisis de los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados incluidos en la comparación indirecta ajustada. Resultados: Se encontraron 30 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados: erenumab (n = 12), fremanezumab (n = 7), galcanezumab (n = 10) y eptinezumab (n = 1). Se seleccionaron tres estudios: uno de erenumab, uno de fremanezumab y otro de eptinezumab. El resto no se incluyó en la comparación indirecta ajustada por incumplimiento de los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados de la comparación indirecta ajustada entre las diferentes posologías de los fármacos estudiados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, y la mayor parte del intervalo de confianza del 95% se encontró dentro de los márgenes delta calculados (Δ = 9,5%). No se encontraron diferencias de seguridad relevantes entre los tres medicamentos. Conclusiones: La comparación indirecta ajustada no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la reducción de ≥ 50% de días de migraña/mes entre erenumab, fremanezumab y eptinezumab. Se encontró una probable equivalencia clínica entre estos fármacos en términos de eficacia y seguridad, por lo que podrían considerarse alternativas terapéuticas equivalentes en migraña crónica.

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          Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

          Summary Background Through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) studies, headache has emerged as a major global public health concern. We aimed to use data from the GBD 2016 study to provide new estimates for prevalence and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for migraine and tension-type headache and to present the methods and results in an accessible way for clinicians and researchers of headache disorders. Methods Data were derived from population-based cross-sectional surveys on migraine and tension-type headache. Prevalence for each sex and 5-year age group interval (ie, age 5 years to ≥95 years) at different time points from 1990 and 2016 in all countries and GBD regions were estimated using a Bayesian meta-regression model. Disease burden measured in YLDs was calculated from prevalence and average time spent with headache multiplied by disability weights (a measure of the relative severity of the disabling consequence of a disease). The burden stemming from medication overuse headache, which was included in earlier iterations of GBD as a separate cause, was subsumed as a sequela of either migraine or tension-type headache. Because no deaths were assigned to headaches as the underlying cause, YLDs equate to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We also analysed results on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. Findings Almost three billion individuals were estimated to have a migraine or tension-type headache in 2016: 1·89 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·71–2·10) with tension-type headache and 1·04 billion (95% UI 1·00–1·09) with migraine. However, because migraine had a much higher disability weight than tension-type headache, migraine caused 45·1 million (95% UI 29·0–62·8) and tension-type headache only 7·2 million (95% UI 4·6–10·5) YLDs globally in 2016. The headaches were most burdensome in women between ages 15 and 49 years, with migraine causing 20·3 million (95% UI 12·9–28·5) and tension-type headache 2·9 million (95% UI 1·8–4·2) YLDs in 2016, which was 11·2% of all YLDs in this age group and sex. Age-standardised DALYs for each headache type showed a small increase as SDI increased. Interpretation Although current estimates are based on limited data, our study shows that headache disorders, and migraine in particular, are important causes of disability worldwide, and deserve greater attention in health policy debates and research resource allocation. Future iterations of this study, based on sources from additional countries and with less methodological heterogeneity, should help to provide stronger evidence of the need for action. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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            Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies‡

            Meta-analyses that simultaneously compare multiple treatments (usually referred to as network meta-analyses or mixed treatment comparisons) are becoming increasingly common. An important component of a network meta-analysis is an assessment of the extent to which different sources of evidence are compatible, both substantively and statistically. A simple indirect comparison may be confounded if the studies involving one of the treatments of interest are fundamentally different from the studies involving the other treatment of interest. Here, we discuss methods for addressing inconsistency of evidence from comparative studies of different treatments. We define and review basic concepts of heterogeneity and inconsistency, and attempt to introduce a distinction between ‘loop inconsistency’ and ‘design inconsistency’. We then propose that the notion of design-by-treatment interaction provides a useful general framework for investigating inconsistency. In particular, using design-by-treatment interactions successfully addresses complications that arise from the presence of multi-arm trials in an evidence network. We show how the inconsistency model proposed by Lu and Ades is a restricted version of our full design-by-treatment interaction model and that there may be several distinct Lu–Ades models for any particular data set. We introduce novel graphical methods for depicting networks of evidence, clearly depicting multi-arm trials and illustrating where there is potential for inconsistency to arise. We apply various inconsistency models to data from trials of different comparisons among four smoking cessation interventions and show that models seeking to address loop inconsistency alone can run into problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              Safety and efficacy of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

              The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway is important in migraine pathophysiology. We assessed the efficacy and safety of erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against the CGRP receptor, in patients with chronic migraine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                October 2020
                : 44
                : 5
                : 212-217
                Affiliations
                [1] Puerto Real Cádiz orgnameHospital Universitario de Puerto Real orgdiv1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia Spain
                Article
                S1130-63432020000500004 S1130-6343(20)04400500004
                10.7399/fh.11419
                50e15143-1db3-48be-908a-e16885f041da

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 May 2020
                : 09 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originals

                Trastornos de migraña,Péptido relacionado con el gen de calcitonina,Anticuerpos monoclonales,Medicina basada en evidencia,Neurología,Migraine disorders,Calcitonin gene related peptide,Monoclonal antibodies,Evidence based medicine,Neurology

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