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      Seismic Moment Evolution During Hydraulic Stimulations

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          A moment magnitude scale

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            Variations in earthquake-size distribution across different stress regimes.

            The earthquake size distribution follows, in most instances, a power law, with the slope of this power law, the 'b value', commonly used to describe the relative occurrence of large and small events (a high b value indicates a larger proportion of small earthquakes, and vice versa). Statistically significant variations of b values have been measured in laboratory experiments, mines and various tectonic regimes such as subducting slabs, near magma chambers, along fault zones and in aftershock zones. However, it has remained uncertain whether these differences are due to differing stress regimes, as it was questionable that samples in small volumes (such as in laboratory specimens, mines and the shallow Earth's crust) are representative of earthquakes in general. Given the lack of physical understanding of these differences, the observation that b values approach the constant 1 if large volumes are sampled was interpreted to indicate that b = 1 is a universal constant for earthquakes in general. Here we show that the b value varies systematically for different styles of faulting. We find that normal faulting events have the highest b values, thrust events the lowest and strike-slip events intermediate values. Given that thrust faults tend to be under higher stress than normal faults we infer that the b value acts as a stress meter that depends inversely on differential stress.
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              Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection

              A. McGarr (2014)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Geophysical Research Letters
                Geophys. Res. Lett.
                American Geophysical Union (AGU)
                0094-8276
                1944-8007
                March 16 2020
                March 10 2020
                March 16 2020
                : 47
                : 5
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZGeomechanics and Scientific Drilling Potsdam Germany
                [2 ]Department of Earth SciencesFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
                [3 ]Institute of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversität Potsdam Germany
                Article
                10.1029/2019GL086185
                50e66b76-e22d-4b4c-847f-e3159841c967
                © 2020

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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