Potential Implications of Long Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases

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Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs of more than 200 nucleotides in length. Despite the term “noncoding”, lncRNAs have been reported to be involved in gene expression. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of immune system and the development of autoimmunity. lncRNAs are expressed in various immune cells including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and NK cells, and are also involved in the differentiation and activation of these immune cells. Here, we review recent studies on the role of lncRNAs in immune regulation and the differential expression of lncRNAs in various autoimmune diseases.

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Most cited references 54

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A long noncoding RNA mediates both activation and repression of immune response genes.

Susan Carpenter, Daniel Aiello, Maninjay Atianand … (2013)

An inducible program of inflammatory gene expression is central to antimicrobial defenses. This response is controlled by a collaboration involving signal-dependent activation of transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, and chromatin-modifying factors. We have identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that acts as a key regulator of this inflammatory response. Pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors induce the expression of numerous lncRNAs. One of these, lincRNA-Cox2, mediates both the activation and repression of distinct classes of immune genes. Transcriptional repression of target genes is dependent on interactions of lincRNA-Cox2 with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and A2/B1. Collectively, these studies unveil a central role of lincRNA-Cox2 as a broad-acting regulatory component of the circuit that controls the inflammatory response.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Immune Netw

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Immune Netw

Journal ID (publisher-id): IN

Title: Immune Network

Publisher: The Korean Association of Immunologists

ISSN (Print): 1598-2629

ISSN (Electronic): 2092-6685

Publication date Collection: February 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 25 February 2019

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: e4

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.

[2 ]Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Korea.

Author notes

Correspondence to Ji-Min Kim. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University College of Medicine, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41931, Korea. okjimin@ 123456hanmail.net

^†These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Keun Hur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-2718

Sang-Hyon Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-7939

Ji-Min Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-3413

Article

Publisher ID: 2019190104

DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e4

PMC ID: 6399094

PubMed ID: 30838159

SO-VID: 50ead6bc-f679-4ef4-8ae2-dfe1e4c76193

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 15 November 2018

Date revision received : 13 February 2019

Date accepted : 17 February 2019

Funding

Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725;

Potential Implications of Long Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases

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Abstract

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HLA-G and immune tolerance in pregnancy

Most cited references 54

The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome.

Ab initio reconstruction of transcriptomes of pluripotent and lineage committed cells reveals gene structures of thousands of lincRNAs

A long noncoding RNA mediates both activation and repression of immune response genes.

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