Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Background

To analyze the prevalence and associations between dental anomalies detectable on panoramic radiographs in a sample of non-orthodontic growing subjects.

Methods

For this cross-sectional study, digital panoramic radiographs of 5005 subjects were initially screened from a single radiographic center in Rome. Inclusion criteria were: subjects who were aged 8–12 years, Caucasian, and had good diagnostic quality radiographs. Syndromic subjects, those with craniofacial malformation, or orthodontic patients were excluded and this led to a sample of 4706 subjects [mean (SD) age = 9.6 (1.2) years, 2366 males and 2340 females]. Sample was subsequently divided into four subgroups (8, 9, 10, and 11–12 year-old groups). Two operators examined panoramic radiographs to observe the presence of common dental anomalies. The prevalence and associations between dental anomalies were also investigated.

Results

The overall prevalence of dental anomalies was 20.9%. Approximately, 17.9% showed only one anomaly, 2.7% two anomalies, while only 0.3% had more than two anomalies. The most frequent anomalies were the displacement of maxillary canine (7.5%), hypodontia (7.1%), impacted teeth (3.9%), tooth ankylosis (2.8%), and tooth transposition (1.4%). The lower right second premolar was the most frequent missing teeth; 3.7% had only one tooth agenesis, and 0.08% had six or more missing tooth (Oligodontia). Mesiodens was the most common type of supernumerary tooth (0.66%). Two subjects had taurodontic tooth (0.04%). Tooth transpositions and displacement of maxillary canine were seen in 1.4 and 7.5%, retrospectively (approximately 69 and 58% were in the 8 and 9 year-old groups, retrospectively). Significant associations were detected between the different dental anomalies ( P < .05).

Conclusions

The results of our study revealed significant associations among different dental anomalies and provide further evidences to support common etiological factors.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Most cited references 25

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The palatally displaced canine as a dental anomaly of genetic origin.

S. Peck, L. Peck, M Kataja (1994)

Palatal displacement of the maxillary canine tooth is a positional variation thought generally to develop as a result of local factors, such as retained deciduous canines, anomalous permanent lateral incisors, or dental crowding. This article contributes biologic evidence pointing to genetic factors as the primary origin of most palatal displacements and subsequent impactions of maxillary canine teeth. Data gathered from multiple sources are integrated to support a genetic etiology for the palatally displaced canine (PDC) on the basis of five evidential categories: 1. Occurrence of other dental anomalies concomitant with PDC; 2. Bilateral occurrence of PDC; 3. Sex differences in PDC occurrence; 4. Familial occurrence of PDC; 5. Population differences in PDC occurrence. From analysis of available evidence, the PDC positional anomaly appears to be a product of polygenic, multifactorial inheritance.

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Mixed odontogenic tumours and odontomas. Considerations on interrelationship. Review of the literature and presentation of 134 new cases of odontomas.

H. Philipsen, P Reichart, F PRTORIUS (1997)

Based on a world-wide literature survey of published cases of "mixed odontogenic tumours" (ameloblastic fibroma, fibrodentinoma and fibro-odontoma) and complex/compound odontomas (including 134 own cases of odontomas) the authors present data showing the complex nature of these lesions. The authors suggest the following work hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis and relationship between the "mixed odontogenic tumours" and the odontomas. The tumours develop along two separate lines: (I) the neoplastic line comprising only one tumour, the ameloblastic fibroma (AF) and the closely related ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (AFD). (II) The hamartomatous (or the developing complex odontoma (DCO) line comprising: (1) The AF (and AFD). Differences in age and biological behaviour indicate that some AF are true benign neoplasms, whereas others are hamartomas presenting the first stage in the DCO-line. (2) The AF-O represents the second stage of the DCO-line developing into (3) the fully mineralized complex odontoma. Lastly, the authors suggest that the compound odontoma should be considered not as an alternative final stage to the complex odontoma but rather as a malformation (with a high degree of histomorphological differentiation) pathogenetically closely related to the process producing hyperodontia, "multiple schizodontia" or locally conditioned hyperactivity of the dental lamina.

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Is Open Access

Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia): A review of the literature concerning the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, patterns and treatment

Vahid Rakhshan (2015)

Congenitally missing teeth (CMT), or as usually called hypodontia, is a highly prevalent and costly dental anomaly. Besides an unfavorable appearance, patients with missing teeth may suffer from malocclusion, periodontal damage, insufficient alveolar bone growth, reduced chewing ability, inarticulate pronunciation and other problems. Treatment might be usually expensive and multidisciplinary. This highly frequent and yet expensive anomaly is of interest to numerous clinical, basic science and public health fields such as orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, periodontics, maxillofacial surgery, anatomy, anthropology and even the insurance industry. This essay reviews the findings on the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, occurrence patterns, skeletal changes and treatments of congenitally missing teeth. It seems that CMT usually appears in females and in the permanent dentition. It is not conclusive whether it tends to occur more in the maxilla or mandible and also in the anterior versus posterior segments. It can accompany various complications and should be attended by expert teams as soon as possible.

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Author and article information

Contributors

G Laganà: +39 335 5310894 , giuseppinalagana@libero.it

N Venza: nicolo.venza@yahoo.com

A Borzabadi-Farahani: farahani@faraortho.com

F Fabi: frfabi76@gmail.com

C Danesi: carli.danesi@gmail.com

P Cozza: paolacozza@alice.it

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Oral Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Oral Health

Title: BMC Oral Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6831

Publication date (Electronic): 11 March 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 11 March 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 17

Electronic Location Identifier: 62

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2300 0941, GRID grid.6530.0, Department of Orthodontics, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, , University of Rome Tor Vergata, ; Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[2 ]Private Practice of Orthodontics, London, England, UK

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8809 1613, GRID grid.7372.1, , Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, ; Coventry, England, UK

[4 ]Private Practice, Rome, Italy

Article

Publisher ID: 352

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y

PMC ID: 5346249

PubMed ID: 28284207

SO-VID: 50f2af5f-de45-4e91-9a52-b2c3edd99012

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 24 October 2016

Date accepted : 20 February 2017

Funding

Funded by: Department of Orthodontics, University of Rome Tor Vergata

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: tooth anomalies,non-orthodontic subjects,panoramic radiograph

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: tooth anomalies, non-orthodontic subjects, panoramic radiograph

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