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      Eficacia de la combinación de polietilenglicol (PEG) en tubos de politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE) como injerto en la regeneración de nervio ciático. Modelo animal Translated title: Efficacy of the combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes as a graft in regeneration of the sciatic nerve. Animal model

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. La lesión de nervio periférico, en todos sus mecanismos, es un evento frecuente entre la población en general. Existen distintos métodos de reparación de la misma, sin embargo, no hay suficiente investigación sobre el injerto más eficaz. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la superioridad de la combinación de polietilenglicol en tubos de politetrafluoroetileno como injerto sobre el uso aislado del mismo y de un autoinjerto. Material y método. Estudio experimental de casos y controles utilizando ratas Wistar a las que se les indujo, bajo sedación, lesión nerviosa mediante extracción de injerto nervioso de nervio ciático y su posterior reparación, divididas en 3 grupos: autoinjerto, injerto de politetrafluoroetileno e injerto de politetrafluoroetileno con polietilenglicol. Resultados. Analizamos 8 variables histopatológicas con conteo total de axones, encontrando mayor número en las muestras de autoinjerto. Entre las variables clínicas, analizamos la deformidad de la extremidad, la atrofia muscular macroscópica y la alteración en la marcha. El grupo de la combinación de materiales mostró una evolución excelente en las 3 categorías. Conclusiones. La recuperación clínica de la extremidad intervenida en el grupo donde se utilizó la combinación de los materiales en estudio fue notablemente superior; observamos además mucha mejor organización axonal, indicando una superioridad de esta combinación respecto a los otros grupos evaluados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. Peripheral nerve injury, in all its mechanisms, is a frequent event in the general population. There are diferent methods of repairing it, however there is not enough research on the most effective graft. The objective of this study is to determine the superiority of the combination of polyethylene glycol in polytetrafluoroethylene tubes as a graft versus its isolated use and an autograft. Methods. Experimental study of cases and controls using Wistar rats that were induced, under sedation, nerve injury by extracting a nerve graft from the sciatic nerve and its subsequent repair, divided into 3 groups: autograft, polytetrafluoroethylene graft and polytetrafluoroethylene graft with polyethylene glycol. Results. Eight histopathological variables were analyzed and a total axon count was made, finding a greater number in the autograft samples. Among the clinical variables, limb deformity, macroscopic muscular atrophy and walking disturbance were analyzed, showing the group of the combination of materials an excellent evolution in the 3 categories. Conclusions. The clinical recovery of the operated limb in the group where the combination of the studied materials was used was notably superior, in addition to the observation of much better axonal organization, indicating a superiority of this combination with respect to the other groups evaluated.

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          Current applications and future perspectives of artificial nerve conduits.

          Artificial nerve guide conduits have the advantage over autografts in terms of their availability and ease of fabrication. However, clinical outcomes associated with the use of artificial nerve conduits are often inferior to that of autografts, particularly over long lesion gaps. There have been significant advances in the designs of artificial nerve conduits over the years. In terms of materials selection and design, a wide variety of new synthetic polymers and biopolymers have been evaluated. The inclusion of nerve conduit lumen fillers has also been demonstrated as essential to enable nerve regeneration across large defect gaps. These lumen filler designs have involved the integration of physical cues for contact guidance and biochemical signals to control cellular function and differentiation. Novel conduit architectural designs using porous and fibrous substrates have also been developed. This review highlights the recent advances in synthetic nerve guide designs for peripheral nerve regeneration, and the in vivo applicability and future prospects of these nerve guide conduits. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Modern surgical management of peripheral nerve gap.

            The management of peripheral nerve injury requires a thorough understanding of the complex physiology of nerve regeneration. The ability to perform surgery under magnification has improved our understanding of the anatomy of the peripheral nerves. However, the level of functional improvement that can be expected following peripheral nerve injury has plateaued. Advancements in the field of tissue engineering have led to an exciting complement of commercially available products that can be used to bridge peripheral nerve gaps. However, the quest for enhanced options is ongoing. This article provides a review of the current treatment options available following peripheral nerve injury, a summary of the published studies using commercially available nerve conduits and nerve allografts in humans and the emerging hopes for the next generation of nerve conduits with the advancement of nanotechnology. Copyright © 2009 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Rapid, effective, and long-lasting behavioral recovery produced by microsutures, methylene blue, and polyethylene glycol after completely cutting rat sciatic nerves.

              Behavioral function lost in mammals (including humans) after peripheral nerve severance is slowly (weeks to years) and often poorly restored by 1-2-mm/day, nonspecifically directed outgrowths from proximal axonal stumps. To survive, proximal stumps must quickly repair (seal) plasmalemmal damage. We report that, after complete cut- or crush-severance of rat sciatic nerves, morphological continuity, action potential conduction, and behavioral functions can be consistently (>98% of trials), rapidly (minutes to days), dramatically (70-85% recovery), and chronically restored and some Wallerian degeneration prevented. We assess axoplasmic and axolemmal continuity by intra-axonal dye diffusion and action potential conduction across the lesion site and amount of behavioral recovery by Sciatic Functional Index and Foot Fault tests. We apply well-specified sequences of solutions containing FDA-approved chemicals. First, severed axonal ends are opened and resealing is prevented by hypotonic Ca²⁺-free saline containing antioxidants (especially methylene blue) that inhibit plasmalemmal sealing in sciatic nerves in vivo, ex vivo, and in rat B104 hippocampal cells in vitro. Second, a hypotonic solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is applied to open closely apposed (by microsutures, if cut) axonal ends to induce their membranes to flow rapidly into each other (PEG-fusion), consistent with data showing that PEG rapidly seals (PEG-seals) transected neurites of B104 cells, independently of any known endogenous sealing mechanism. Third, Ca²⁺-containing isotonic saline is applied to induce sealing of any remaining plasmalemmal holes by Ca²⁺-induced accumulation and fusion of vesicles. These and other data suggest that PEG-sealing is neuroprotective, and our PEG-fusion protocols that repair cut- and crush-severed rat nerves might rapidly translate to clinical procedures. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                June 2023
                : 49
                : 2
                : 109-116
                Affiliations
                [1] Chihuahua orgnameHospital General de Zona No. 6 Lic. Benito Juárez México
                [2] Chihuahua orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chihuahua orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas orgdiv2Hospital Central del Estado Dr. Jesús Enrique Grajeda Herrera Mexico
                [3] Chihuahua orgnameHospital Central del Estado Dr. Jesús Enrique Grajeda Herrera México
                Article
                S0376-78922023000200003 S0376-7892(23)04900200003
                10.4321/s0376-78922023000200003
                5101d5f8-bb21-4379-ac00-eaaa5f4ef303

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 September 2022
                : 27 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Experimental

                Polyethylene glicol,Polytetrafluoroethylene,Autograft,Sciatic nerve,Microsurgery,Nerve regeneration,Polietilenglicol,Politetrafluoroetileno,Autoinjerto,Nervio ciático,Microcirugía,Regeneración nerviosa

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