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      Actividad electroencefalográfica durante tareas de simulación de conducción con videojuegos Translated title: Electroencephalographic activity during tasks of driving simulation with videogames

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Antecedentes y Objetivos. El estudio de la función atencional, foco de interés en el campo de las neurociencias, puede realizarse mediante la cuantificación electroencefalográfica, técnica no invasiva que permite evaluar la actividad cerebral. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la atención/concentración del personal de las Fuerzas Armadas españolas durante la simulación de manejo de vehículos militares. Se analizan para ello las variaciones en la complejidad numérica bioeléctrica cortical al pasar de estados basales a tareas de simulación, y con la dificultad de dichas tareas. Material y métodos. Se han analizado las señales electroencefalográficas de 36 sujetos voluntarios con la Movilidad, estimador de la frecuencia media de la señal que mide la desviación estándar de la derivada de la señal en referencia a la desviación estándar de la amplitud. Los datos se han estudiado estadísticamente mediante: análisis exploratorio, análisis de varianza de dos factores y prueba de hipótesis. Resultados. Se observa un aumento del promedio cortical de la Movilidad en cada tipo de electroencefalograma a medida que la tarea se vuelve más compleja y requiere más atención, y una disminución a medida que cesa la actividad. La Movilidad muestra un aumento considerable en el área occipital y parte de las áreas temporales durante las simulaciones, lo que indica la activación de las redes del área visual primaria y la corteza auditiva primaria. Conclusiones. La Movilidad detecta cambios en la actividad de diferentes áreas corticales asociados a las tareas cognitivas, por lo que puede considerarse un buen indicador de la actividad cerebral.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Background and Objectives. The study of the attentional function, a focus of interest in the neurosciences field, can be carried out through electroencephalographic quantification, a non-invasive technique that enables the evaluation of the brain activity. The objective of this work is to analyze the attention/concentration of staff of the Spanish Armed Forces in tactical simulations of handling military vehicles. For this purpose, variations in cortical bioelectric numerical complexity are analyzed when moving from resting states to simulation tasks, and with the difficulty of the task. Material and methods. Electroencephalographic signals were analyzed from a group of 36 volunteer subjects with the Mobility, an estimator of the average frequency of the signal that measures the standard deviation of the derivative of the signal in reference to the standard deviation of the amplitude. The data have been statistically studied by means of an exploratory survey, an analysis of variance of two factors and a hypothesis test. Results. An increase of the cortical average of Mobility is observed in each type of electroencephalogram as the task becomes more complex and requires more attention, and decreases as the activity ceases. Mobility shows a considerable increase in the occipital and part of the temporal areas during the simulations, which shows the activation of the signals corresponding to the primary visual area and the primary auditory cortex. Conclusions. Mobility detects changes in the activity of different cortical areas with the change in cognitive tasks. Thus, it can be considered a good indicator of brain activity.

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          Most cited references26

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          The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after.

          Here, we update our 1990 Annual Review of Neuroscience article, "The Attention System of the Human Brain." The framework presented in the original article has helped to integrate behavioral, systems, cellular, and molecular approaches to common problems in attention research. Our framework has been both elaborated and expanded in subsequent years. Research on orienting and executive functions has supported the addition of new networks of brain regions. Developmental studies have shown important changes in control systems between infancy and childhood. In some cases, evidence has supported the role of specific genetic variations, often in conjunction with experience, that account for some of the individual differences in the efficiency of attentional networks. The findings have led to increased understanding of aspects of pathology and to some new interventions.
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            Measuring neurophysiological signals in aircraft pilots and car drivers for the assessment of mental workload, fatigue and drowsiness.

            This paper reviews published papers related to neurophysiological measurements (electroencephalography: EEG, electrooculography EOG; heart rate: HR) in pilots/drivers during their driving tasks. The aim is to summarise the main neurophysiological findings related to the measurements of pilot/driver's brain activity during drive performance and how particular aspects of this brain activity could be connected with the important concepts of "mental workload", "mental fatigue" or "situational awareness". Review of the literature suggests that exists a coherent sequence of changes for EEG, EOG and HR variables during the transition from normal drive, high mental workload and eventually mental fatigue and drowsiness. In particular, increased EEG power in theta band and a decrease in alpha band occurred in high mental workload. Successively, increased EEG power in theta as well as delta and alpha bands characterise the transition between mental workload and mental fatigue. Drowsiness is also characterised by increased blink rate and decreased HR values. The detection of such mental states is actually performed "offline" with accuracy around 90% but not online. A discussion on the possible future applications of findings provided by these neurophysiological measurements in order to improve the safety of the vehicles will be also presented. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              EEG analysis based on time domain properties.

              Bo Hjorth (1970)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Sanidad Militar
                Sanid. Mil.
                Ministerio de Defensa (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1887-8571
                June 2021
                : 77
                : 2
                : 81-89
                Affiliations
                [5] Zaragoza orgnameAcademia General Militar orgdiv1Centro Universitario de la Defensa
                [6] Zaragoza orgnameHospital General de la Defensa orgdiv1Servicio de Neurología
                [4] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Neurocognitivo Incia
                [3] Aragón orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza Spain
                [1] Zaragoza orgnameAcademia General Militar orgdiv1Centro Universitario de la Defensa
                [2] Zaragoza orgnameHospital General de la Defensa orgdiv1Servicio de Neurología
                Article
                S1887-85712021000200081 S1887-8571(21)07700200081
                10.4321/s1887-85712021000200003
                51115afe-b391-4692-956d-d6bd1b8e6465

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 04 February 2020
                : 23 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículo Original

                Attention,Brain activity,Electroencephalogram,Military driving simulation,Mobility,Quantification,Actividad cerebral,Atención,Cuantificación,Electroencefalograma,Movilidad,Simulación de conducción militar

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