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      Conocimientos, creencias y actitudes sobre la obesidad y el sobrepeso en una muestra de dietistas-nutricionistas de España Translated title: Knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about obesity and overweight in a sample of dietitians-nutritionists in Spain

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: el sobrepeso y la obesidad (SP/OB) conforman uno de los mayores retos de salud pública a escala mundial. Los profesionales de Dietética y Nutrición promueven la adquisición de hábitos saludables para adecuar el peso. Desde la psicología, existen aportaciones interesantes a ser consideradas. Objetivos: a) estudiar el vínculo entre las variables del estudio y la intervención terapéutica de los nutricionistas en el SP/OB; b) recabar las opiniones de los nutricionistas sobre los aspectos psicológicos implicados; c) analizar los factores predictores del éxito terapéutico. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo que, a través de una encuesta a dietistas-nutricionistas de España (n = 266), analiza los datos sociodemográficos, formativos y laborales, así como los conocimientos, las creencias y las intervenciones para el SP/OB, haciendo énfasis en los aspectos psicológicos. Se realizaron análisis del chi cuadrado para las variables cualitativas y análisis de regresión para estimar la percepción del éxito terapéutico. Resultados: la especialización en SP/OB se vinculó a las intervenciones de educación nutricional. La consideración de los aspectos psicológicos se asoció al abordaje de los problemas emocionales y sociales. La educación nutricional, el número de sesiones y el tiempo de atención por sesión predijeron la percepción del éxito terapéutico, explicando en conjunto el 46,5 % de la varianza. Conclusiones: los hallazgos informan de una alta formación específica, un uso limitado de las guías de práctica clínica, la atribución mayoritaria del SP/OB a factores ambientales y la preferencia por el trabajo en equipo. Los factores psicológicos se estiman muy necesarios en el abordaje de mayor preferencia, considerando la educación nutricional como el más eficiente. Es destacada la autopercepción del éxito terapéutico entre los profesionales.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: overweight and obesity make up one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide. Dietitians-nutritionists promote the acquisition of healthy habits to adjust weight. There are interesting contributions by psychology to be considered. Objectives: a) to study the link between the variables included in the study and the therapeutic intervention of dietitians in overweight and obesity; b) to collect the opinions of dietitians on the psychological aspects involved; c) to analyze the predictors of therapeutic success. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study that, through a survey to dietitians-nutritionists in Spain (n = 266), analyzes demographic, training, and occupational data, as well as knowledge, beliefs, and interventions on obesity and overweight, with emphasis on psychological aspects. Chi-squared analyses were performed for qualitative variables, and a regression analysis was performed to estimate the perception of therapeutic success. Results: specialization in overweight and obesity was linked to nutrition education interventions. The consideration of psychological aspects was associated with addressing emotional and social problems. Nutritional education, number of sessions, and average time per session predicted the perception of therapeutic success, all of these explaining 46.5 % of the variance. Conclusions: the findings documented a highly specific training in obesity, and a limited use of clinical practice guidelines; the cause of obesity is mostly attributable to environmental factors, and teamwork is preferred by most. Psychological factors were considered very necessary in the approach to this problem, with nutritional education being most efficient. The professionals' self-perception of therapeutic success is remarkable.

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          Most cited references39

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          The cellular and molecular bases of leptin and ghrelin resistance in obesity

          In obesity, individuals develop resistance to leptin and ghrelin, which have important functions in the neuroendocrine control of energy homeostasis. Here, Cui and colleagues discuss the mechanisms that lead to leptin and ghrelin resistance, and how they might be exploited as targets for the management and treatment of obesity.
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            Genetics of obesity: what genetic association studies have taught us about the biology of obesity and its complications.

            Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and other adiposity traits have identified more than 300 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Although there is reason to hope that these discoveries will eventually lead to new preventive and therapeutic agents for obesity, this will take time because such developments require detailed mechanistic understanding of how an SNP influences phenotype (and this information is largely unavailable). Fortunately, absence of functional information has not prevented GWAS findings from providing insights into the biology of obesity. Genes near loci regulating total body mass are enriched for expression in the CNS, whereas genes for fat distribution are enriched in adipose tissue itself. Gene by environment and lifestyle interaction analyses have revealed that our increasingly obesogenic environment might be amplifying genetic risk for obesity, yet those at highest risk could mitigate this risk by increasing physical activity and possibly by avoiding specific dietary components. GWAS findings have also been used in mendelian randomisation analyses probing the causal association between obesity and its many putative complications. In supporting a causal association of obesity with diabetes, coronary heart disease, specific cancers, and other conditions, these analyses have clinical relevance in identifying which outcomes could be preventable through weight loss interventions.
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              Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults.

              It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that successful treatment of overweight and obesity in adults requires adoption and maintenance of lifestyle behaviors contributing to both dietary intake and physical activity. These behaviors are influenced by many factors; therefore, interventions incorporating more than one level of the socioecological model and addressing several key factors in each level may be more successful than interventions targeting any one level and factor alone. Registered dietitian nutritionists, as part of a multidisciplinary team, need to be current and skilled in weight management to effectively assist and lead efforts that can reduce the obesity epidemic. Using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Evidence Analysis Process and Evidence Analysis Library, this position paper presents the current data and recommendations for the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Evidence on intrapersonal influences, such as dietary approaches, lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and surgery, is provided. Factors related to treatment, such as intensity of treatment and technology, are reviewed. Community-level interventions that strengthen existing community assets and capacity and public policy to create environments that support healthy energy balance behaviors are also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2022
                : 39
                : 1
                : 63-72
                Affiliations
                [1] Santa Cruz de Tenerife Canarias orgnameUniversidad de la Laguna orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia orgdiv2Departamento de Psicología Clínica Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112022000100011 S0212-1611(22)03900100011
                10.20960/nh.03739
                34538060
                51174176-5ac1-4cf7-8283-d4e838a056b9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 June 2021
                : 02 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Sobrepeso,Psicología,Intervención,Dietética-nutrición,Obesidad,Psychology,Intervention,Dietetics-Nutrition,Overweight,Obesity

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