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      Evaluación en campo de un candidato vacunal por subunidad proteica E2 contra peste porcina clásica Translated title: Field evaluation of protein subunit2 vaccine candidate against classical swine fever

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          Abstract

          Entre las enfermedades con alto potencial de diseminación transfronteriza y elevado impacto económico para los porcicultores de todos los sectores se encuentra la peste porcina clásica (PPC), también conocida como cólera porcino. No obstante los esfuerzos para su control, tras su reemergencia en 1993, el comportamiento endémico que se constata motivó el desarrollo de una vacuna por subunidad proteica E2 (VE2) del virus de la PPC (VPPC) para apoyar la erradicación de la enfermedad, al facilitar la diferenciación de cerdos infectados de vacunados. Luego de los resultados preclínicos satisfactorios, se evaluó la eficacia de la VE2 en un rebaño de ciclo completo con más de 5 000 cerdos, sujeto a vacunación sistemática con una vacuna viva atenuada lapinizada (Cepa China), pero con antecedentes de brotes esporádicos de enfermedad. Se realizó monitoreo de la respuesta serológica mediante ensayo de neutralización de la peroxidasa (NPLA), en diferentes etapas del ciclo productivo de tres grupos de animales (seroperfiles), desde cría hasta ceba, a intervalos de 12 semanas entre grupos, durante un año. Se constataron elevados porcentajes de animales con títulos considerados protectivos (³ 1:100), los que avalan una respuesta humoral satisfactoria a nivel poblacional. A su vez, las cebas positivas a Inmunoperoxidasa Directa (IPD) en tonsilas en el matadero disminuyeron durante el periodo. La evolución favorable del estado de salud del rebaño, tras la vacunación con la VE2, se revirtió en niveles productivos superiores. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos avalan favorablemente el desempeño de la vacuna E2 en condiciones de campo, pese al reto de la circulación viral que propicia el endemismo de la enfermedad y la presencia de otros patógenos

          Translated abstract

          The Classical Swine Fever (CSF), also recognized as hog cholera, is among the diseases with high transboundary spreading potential and economic impact for swine breeders of all the sectors. Despite the efforts for its control since its re-emergence in 1993, the disease endemic behavior observed motivated development of a protein subunit E2 vaccine candidate (VE2) to support the disease eradication, in view of the easy differentiation of infected from vaccinated pigs. After successful preclinical assays, the VE2 efficacy was evaluated in a herd of complete productive cycle with more than 5 000 pigs under routine vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine (Chinese Strain), but with reports of sporadic outbreaks of the disease. Monitoring of the serological response was carried out by the neutralization peroxidase-linked assay (NPLA) in different phases of the productive cycle of three animal groups (serum profiles), from litter to fattener, at 12 weeks interval for one year. High percentages of positive animals with titters considered as protective (³ 1:100) were observed, supporting a satisfactory humoral response at population level. Likewise, the fatteners positive to the Direct Immunoperoxidase (DIP) in tonsils decreased at the slaughterhouse during the study period. The favorable evolution of herd health status after VE2 vaccination led to higher productive levels. The preliminary results obtained favorably support the VE2 performance in field conditions, despite the challenge of the virus circulation favored by the disease endemic condition and other pathogen presence

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          Introduction to classical swine fever: virus, disease and control policy.

          Classical swine fever virus is a spherical enveloped particle of about 40-60 nm in diameter with a single stranded RNA genome of about 12,300 bases with positive polarity, classified as a pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. Natural hosts are domestic and wild pigs. The virus causes one of the most severe diseases in pigs world wide with grave economic consequences. The clinical picture of classical swine fever is variable, depending on the age of the affected animals and viral virulence. The virus is well characterised and reliable laboratory diagnostic procedures are available. In many parts of the world live attenuated vaccines are being used as a safe and efficient prophylactic tool. However, in EU Member States and several other countries vaccination is prohibited and CSF is controlled by a strict stamping out policy. In order to overcome the disadvantages of conventional vaccination inactivated marker vaccines have been developed that enable the distinction between vaccinated and infected animals. Whether these vaccines will be accepted as an additional tool in the framework of the stamping out policy is not yet decided.
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            Vaccinology of classical swine fever: from lab to field

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              Positive selection pressure on the B/C domains of the E2-gene of classical swine fever virus in endemic areas under C-strain vaccination.

              In Cuba, classical swine fever (CSF) has become an endemic disease with several outbreaks each year, despite the implemented vaccination program. Interestingly, a trend towards a milder presentation of the disease has been observed among the animals during the last years. This study aimed to assess positive selection pressure acting on partial E2 gene of CSF viruses to gain insights into the mechanisms governing virulence and the driving forces of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) evolution in swine populations under regular vaccination. Selection pressure analysis were performed to detect positive selection acting on a particular lineage as well as among sites of the E2-B/C-domain of CSFV nucleotide sequences, reported in a previous study and in the present work, several models, available in the CODEML module of PAML 4.3, were used. In addition, a representative Cuban CSF isolate was assessed in an experimental infection trial for their clinical virulence in order to expand the knowledge regarding CSF viruses circulating in pig populations. The viral genomes sequenced in this study were grouped in a defined cluster within the genotype 1.2, as it has been reported previously for Cuban CSF viruses. The selection pressure analysis didn't find evidence of positive selection (dN/dS of>1) along any branch. The positive selective pressure analysis estimated six new sites under positive selection on E2 partial gene analysed. Besides, the clinical manifestations of the CSF-disease were related mainly to a mild course of the illness. The high number of positively selected sites suggests that these changes could be associated to viral evasion of the host-immune response. These observations highlight a possible association between escape viral variants and the alterations observed in the virulence and pathogenesis of the virus. Therefore, while the vaccination programs have not led to a genotype change, alterations in virulence were suggested to arise. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Role: ND
                Journal
                rsa
                Revista de Salud Animal
                Rev Salud Anim.
                Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (La Habana )
                2224-4700
                December 2015
                : 37
                : 3
                : 143-151
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA) Cuba
                [2 ] Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB) Cuba
                Article
                S0253-570X2015000300002
                514cc9b3-3eb2-4578-b8b4-8ed3d06a0c61

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0253-570X&lng=en
                Categories
                ACOUSTICS

                Acoustics
                pigs,Classical Swine Fever,vaccine candidate,E2 glycoprotein,cerdos,peste porcina clásica,candidato vacunal,glicoproteína E2

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