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Abstract
Clonal ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii) were immunized orally
with inactivated crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (CHNV) and the cytotoxic
activities of peripheral blood leukocytes against CHNV-infected syngeneic target cells
were investigated. Although a single oral administration of the vaccine did not prime
measurable cytotoxic responses to CHNV-infected targets, detectable lytic activities
were observed after a booster oral administration. The vaccine-induced cytotoxic cells
were poorly responded against both eel virus from America (EVA)-infected syngeneic
cells and CHNV-infected allogeneic target cells, suggesting that the responses were
viral antigen-specific and restricted to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Oral immunization with the vaccine also induced neutralizing antibody responses. Orally
immunized fish were able to rapidly eliminate viruses. Although elevated cytotoxic
activities and antibody responses were observed in orally immunized fish following
viral infection, the rapid elimination of virus appeared to be associated with elevated
cytotoxic responses. These results show that orally administered inactivated viruses
can evoke antiviral cellular immune responses in fish.