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      Integrating vehicle design and human factors: minimizing elderly driving constraints

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      Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
      Elsevier BV

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          Information processing rates in the elderly.

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            Incidence of visual field loss in 20,000 eyes and its relationship to driving performance.

            Automated visual field screening of 10,000 volunteers (20,000 eyes) showed the incidence of visual field loss was 3.0% to 3.5% for persons aged 16 to 60 years but was approximately 13.0% for those older than 65 years. Approximately half of the persons with abnormal visual fields were previously unaware of any problem with peripheral vision. Follow-up results suggested that the most common causes of visual field loss were glaucoma, retinal disorders, and cataracts. Drivers with binocular visual field loss had accident and conviction rates twice as high as those with normal visual fields. Drivers with monocular visual field loss had accident and conviction rates equivalent to those of a control group. Our results have important implications for mass visual field screening to detect eye diseases and for vision-related factors in traffic safety.
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              Visual/cognitive correlates of vehicle accidents in older drivers.

              Older drivers have more accidents per miles driven than any other age group and tend to have significant impairments in their visual function, which could interfere with driving. Previous research has largely failed to document a link between vision and driving in the elderly. We have taken a comprehensive approach by examining how accident frequency in older drivers relates to the visual/cognitive system at a number of levels: ophthalmological disease, visual function, visual attention, and cognitive function. The best predictor of accident frequency as recorded by the state was a model incorporating measures of early visual attention and mental status, which together accounted for 20% of the variance, a much stronger model than in earlier studies. Those older drivers with a visual attentional disorder or with poor scores on a mental status test had 3-4 times more accidents (of any type) and 15 times more intersection accidents than those without these problems.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
                Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
                Elsevier BV
                0968090X
                June 2001
                June 2001
                : 9
                : 3
                : 155-174
                Article
                10.1016/S0968-090X(99)00027-3
                516dbe43-d24f-49d2-8ccd-7530e1e4329f
                © 2001

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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