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      Metodología de implementación de un programa de revisión de menús en comedores escolares Translated title: Methodology for implementing a menu review program in school food service

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo del artículo es describir la metodología empleada en el desarrollo y ejecución del Programa de Revisión de Menús escolares en la ciudad de Barcelona y detallar las fases del proceso. Para llevar a cabo la estrategia se elaboró un protocolo de acción en el cual se detalla cómo proceder en cada fase. El protocolo se concibió como una herramienta interna en el marco del área de salud pública, en el que se detalla y secuencia la estrategia a seguir en la valoración de los menús escolares, así como el rol de los agentes implicados. Se constata la necesidad de un protocolo de acción estructurado y compartido por todos los agentes que permita trabajar para seguir promoviendo un estilo de vida saludable en el entorno escolar.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of the article is to write the methodology used in the development and execution of the School Menu Review Program in the city of Barcelona and to detail the phases of the process. In order to carry out the strategy, an action protocol was elaborated in which it is detailed how to proceed in each phase. The protocol was conceived as an internal tool within the framework of the public health area, in which the strategy to follow in the evaluation of school menus is detailed and sequenced, as well as the role of the agents involved. The need for a structured action protocol shared by all the agents is noted, which allows them to work to continue promoting a healthy lifestyle in the school environment.

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          Most cited references26

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          Creating healthy food and eating environments: policy and environmental approaches.

          Food and eating environments likely contribute to the increasing epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases, over and above individual factors such as knowledge, skills, and motivation. Environmental and policy interventions may be among the most effective strategies for creating population-wide improvements in eating. This review describes an ecological framework for conceptualizing the many food environments and conditions that influence food choices, with an emphasis on current knowledge regarding the home, child care, school, work site, retail store, and restaurant settings. Important issues of disparities in food access for low-income and minority groups and macrolevel issues are also reviewed. The status of measurement and evaluation of nutrition environments and the need for action to improve health are highlighted.
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            Assessing dietary intake in children and adolescents: Considerations and recommendations for obesity research.

            Abstract Dietary intake and food habits are important contributors to the obesity epidemic. They are highly modifiable components of energy balance and are usually targeted in both obesity prevention and treatment programs. However, measurement of total diet creates challenges and can convey a large burden in terms of cost, technical expertise, impact on respondents and time. It is not surprising therefore that comprehensive reports of dietary intake in children are uncommon and, when reported, have limitations. The aim of this paper is to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting the most appropriate dietary assessment method for situations involving children and adolescents. This paper presents a summary of the issues to consider when choosing a method, a description of some of the more commonly used dietary assessment methods for young people and a series of case-studies to illustrate the range of circumstances faced when measuring dietary intake. We recommend that researchers consider the specific components of dietary intake addressed in their research and practice, and whether diet should be reported comprehensively or as targeted components. Other considerations include age, cognitive ability, weight status, physical activity level, respondent burden, and reliability and validity in the context of program goals and research questions. A checklist for selecting the appropriate dietary methodology is provided. This guide aims to facilitate the reporting of dietary intake and food habits in the context of obesity using valid and reliable measures, thus contributing to the evidence-base for nutrition policies and programs relating to obesity.
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              Towards a sustainable diet combining economic, environmental and nutritional objectives.

              Foods consumed and dietary patterns are strong determinants of health status. Diet and nutrition have a key role in health promotion and maintenance during the entire lifetime, but what we choose to eat and drink greatly affects the environmental impact on ecosystems as well as monetary resources. Some studies suggest that a healthy diet with a low environmental impact is not necessarily more expensive. This paper aims to identify a healthy, greener and cheaper diet based on current consumption patterns. Dietary information was collected from 104 young adults in the last year of high school in Parma (Italy). Diet was monitored with 7-day dietary records. Subsequently, food items were decoded to obtain nutritional, economic and environmental impact data. An optimization tool based on mathematical programming (Multi-Objective Linear Programming) was used to identify sustainable diet. Three different 7-day diets were identified, based on nutrition recommendations for the healthy Italian adult population, characterized by different targets and optimizing different impacts: first the diet at the lowest cost (Minimum Cost Diet - MCD), then the Environmentally Sustainable Diet (ESD) obtained by minimizing the three environmental indicators (CO2e emissions, H2O consumption and amount of land to regenerate the resources - m(2)). Finally, the Sustainable Diet (SD) was identified by integrating environmental and economic sustainability objectives. Lastly, suggestions and recommendations for communication campaigns and other interventions to achieve sustainable diet are suggested.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                June 2021
                : 25
                : 2
                : 256-265
                Affiliations
                [1] Barcelona orgnameAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona orgdiv1Consorci Sanitari de Barcelona España
                [2] Barcelona orgnameAgència de Salut Pública de Catalunya España
                Article
                S2174-51452021000200256 S2174-5145(21)02500200256
                10.14306/renhyd.25.2.1237
                517643ba-7d4b-494e-99bf-70e541e7a544

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 January 2021
                : 04 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Análisis Metodológico

                Promoción de la Salud,Methods,Schools,Food Services,Menu Planning,Diet, Healthy,Health Education,Health Promotion,Public Health,Métodos,Instituciones Académicas,Servicios de Alimentación,Planificación de Menú,Dieta Saludable,Educación en Salud,Salud Pública

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