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      Validity of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence

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          Abstract

          Although reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are acknowledged as valid disorders in young children, controversy remains regarding their validity in adolescence. An unresolved question is whether symptoms of RAD and DSED are better conceptualized as other psychiatric disorders at this age. All adolescents ( N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old) living in residential youth care in Norway were interviewed to determine the symptoms and diagnosis of RAD/DSED and other common psychiatric disorders using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). The construct validity of RAD and DSED, including structural and discriminant validity, was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and latent profile analysis. Two-factor models distinguishing between symptoms of RAD and DSED and differentiating these symptoms from the symptoms of other psychiatric disorders revealed better fit than one-factor models. Symptoms of RAD and DSED defined two distinct latent groups in a profile analysis. The prevalence of RAD was 9% (95% CI 6–11%), and the prevalence of DSED was 8% (95% CI 5–11%). RAD and DSED are two distinct latent factors not accounted for by other common psychiatric disorders in adolescence. RAD and DSED are not uncommon among adolescents in residential youth care and therefore warrant easy access to qualified health care and prevention in high-risk groups.

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          The online version of this article (10.1007/s00787-019-01456-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          A critical review of self-perceptions and the positive illusory bias in children with ADHD.

          Despite significant functional problems in multiple domains, children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) unexpectedly provide extremely positive reports of their own competence in comparison to other criteria reflecting actual competence. This counterintuitive phenomenon is known as the positive illusory bias (PIB). This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the literature examining the self-perceptions of children with ADHD and the PIB. Specifically, we analyze methodological and statistical challenges associated with the investigation of the phenomenon, the theoretical basis for the PIB, and the effects of sample heterogeneity on self-perception patterns. We conclude by discussing the implications of this work and providing recommendations for advancing research in this area.
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            Child-to-adult neurodevelopmental and mental health trajectories after early life deprivation: the young adult follow-up of the longitudinal English and Romanian Adoptees study

            Time-limited, early-life exposures to institutional deprivation are associated with disorders in childhood, but it is unknown whether effects persist into adulthood. We used data from the English and Romanian Adoptees study to assess whether deprivation-associated adverse neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes persist into young adulthood.
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              The Asperger Syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI): a preliminary study of a new structured clinical interview.

              The development of the Asperger Syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI) is described. Preliminary data from a clinical study suggest that inter-rater reliability and test-retest stability may be excellent, with kappas exceeding 0.90 in both instances. The validity appears to be relatively good. No attempt was made in the present study to validate the instrument as regards the distinction between Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                astrid.r.seim@ntnu.no
                Journal
                Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
                Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
                European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1018-8827
                1435-165X
                12 December 2019
                12 December 2019
                2020
                : 29
                : 10
                : 1465-1476
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.52522.32, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3560, Division of Mental Healthcare, Department of Children and Youth, , St. Olavs Hospital, ; Trondheim, Norway
                [2 ]GRID grid.5947.f, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 2393, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, ; Trondheim, Norway
                [3 ]GRID grid.5947.f, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 2393, Department of Psychology, , NTNU, ; Trondheim, Norway
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-554X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4984
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-4637
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-0988
                Article
                1456
                10.1007/s00787-019-01456-9
                7501108
                31832788
                5178e463-1ba2-4eb5-a219-b638b1224bfb
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 4 December 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011769, St. Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim;
                Award ID: 10/4321
                Award ID: 2017/38202
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Original Contribution
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                adolescence,reactive attachment disorder,disinhibited social engagement disorder,mental health,residential youth care,validity

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