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      Coste-efectividad de la vacunación universal infantil frente a la hepatitis A en España: un enfoque dinámico Translated title: Cost-effectiveness of universal childhood vaccination against hepatitis A in Spain: a dynamic approach

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el coste-efectividad de diferentes estrategias de vacunación universal infantil frente a la hepatitis A en España. Método A partir de un modelo dinámico y un árbol de decisión, se realizó un análisis de coste-efectividad para comparar tres estrategias de vacunación frente a la hepatitis A: no vacunación y vacunación universal infantil con una y dos dosis. La perspectiva del estudio escogida fue la del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) y se consideró como horizonte temporal toda la vida del paciente. Tanto los costes como los efectos se descontaron al 3% anual. Los resultados en salud se midieron en años de vida ajustados por calidad (AVAC) y la medida de coste-efectividad utilizada es la razón de coste-efectividad incremental (RCEI). Además, se llevaron a cabo análisis de sensibilidad determinísticos por escenarios. Resultados En el caso particular de España, con baja endemicidad de hepatitis A, las diferencias en resultados en salud entre las distintas estrategias de vacunación (con una o dos dosis) y la no vacunación son prácticamente inexistentes, en términos de AVAC. Además, las RCEI obtenidas son elevadas, superando los límites establecidos de disposición a pagar obtenidos en España (22.000-25.000 €/AVAC). El análisis de sensibilidad determinístico muestra que los resultados son sensibles a las variaciones de los parámetros clave, aunque en ningún caso resultan coste-efectivos. Conclusiones La vacunación universal infantil frente a la hepatitis A no sería una opción coste-efectiva desde la perspectiva del SNS en España en la actualidad.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of infant universal vaccination against hepatitis A in Spain. Method Using a dynamic model and decision tree model, a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to compare three vaccination strategies against hepatitis A: non-vaccination strategy versus universal childhood vaccination of hepatitis A with one or two doses. The perspective of the study was that of the National Health System (NHS) and a lifetime horizon was considered. Both costs and effects were discounted at 3% per year. Health outcomes were measured in terms of quality adjusted life years (QALY) and the cost-effectiveness measure used was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). In addition, deterministic sensitivity analysis by scenarios was performed. Results In the particular case of Spain, with low endemicity for hepatitis A, the difference in health outcomes between vaccination strategies (with 1 or 2 doses) and non-vaccination are practically non-existent, terms of QALY. In addition, the ICER obtained is high, exceeding the limits of willingness to pay from Spain (€22,000-25,000/QALY). The deterministic sensitivity analysis showed that the results are sensitive to the variations of the key parameters, although in no case the vaccination strategies are cost-effective. Conclusions Universal infant vaccination strategy against hepatitis A would not be a cost-effective option from the NHS perspective in Spain.

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          Most cited references33

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          Handling Data Quality Issues to Estimate the Spanish EQ-5D-5L Value Set Using a Hybrid Interval Regression Approach.

          The Spanish five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) valuation study was the first to use the EuroQol Valuation Technology protocol, including composite time trade-off (C-TTO) and discrete choice experiments (DCE). In this study, its investigators noticed that some interviewers did not fully explain the C-TTO task to respondents. Evidence from a follow-up study in 2014 confirmed that when interviewers followed the protocol, the distribution of C-TTO responses widened.
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            WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines – June 2012.

            (2012)
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              On the Estimation of the Cost-Effectiveness Threshold: Why, What, How?

              Many health care systems claim to incorporate the cost-effectiveness criterion in their investment decisions. Information on the system's willingness to pay per effectiveness unit, normally measured as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), however, is not available in most countries. This is partly because of the controversy that remains around the use of a cost-effectiveness threshold, about what the threshold ought to represent, and about the appropriate methodology to arrive at a threshold value.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                2023
                : 37
                : 102292
                Affiliations
                [2] Santa Cruz de Tenerife Islas Canarias orgnameServicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS) España
                [7] Gipuzkoa orgnameOrganización Sanitaria Integrada Alto Deba orgdiv1Unidad de Investigación AP-OSIs Gipuzkoa España
                [4] Madrid orgnameRed de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) España
                [5] Madrid orgnameRed de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) España
                [1] Santa Cruz de Tenerife Islas Canarias orgnameFundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC) España
                [6] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat Politécnica de Valencia orgdiv1Instituto de Matemática Multidisciplinar Spain
                [3] Madrid orgnameRed Española de Agencias de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias y Prestaciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud (RedETS) España
                Article
                S0213-91112023000100206 S0213-9111(23)03700000206
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102292
                5183c017-cca9-4eda-85c4-396e06ebdedb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 July 2022
                : 12 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Cost-benefit analysis,Hepatitis A vaccines,Mass vaccination,Infant,Child,Spain,Análisis de coste-beneficio,Vacunas frente a la hepatitis A,Vacunación masiva,Lactantes,Preescolares,España

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