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      Atmospheric processing of organic aerosols

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          Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols.

          Although long considered to be of marginal importance to global climate change, tropospheric aerosol contributes substantially to radiative forcing, and anthropogenic sulfate aerosol in particular has imposed a major perturbation to this forcing. Both the direct scattering of shortwavelength solar radiation and the modification of the shortwave reflective properties of clouds by sulfate aerosol particles increase planetary albedo, thereby exerting a cooling influence on the planet. Current climate forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate is estimated to be -1 to -2 watts per square meter, globally averaged. This perturbation is comparable in magnitude to current anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing but opposite in sign. Thus, the aerosol forcing has likely offset global greenhouse warming to a substantial degree. However, differences in geographical and seasonal distributions of these forcings preclude any simple compensation. Aerosol effects must be taken into account in evaluating anthropogenic influences on past, current, and projected future climate and in formulating policy regarding controls on emission of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide. Resolution of such policy issues requires integrated research on the magnitude and geographical distribution of aerosol climate forcing and on the controlling chemical and physical processes.
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            THE CONSTITUTION AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. II. LIQUIDS.1

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              Water-soluble organics in atmospheric particles: A critical review of the literature and application of thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
                J. Geophys. Res.
                American Geophysical Union (AGU)
                01480227
                May 20 1999
                May 20 1999
                May 01 1999
                : 104
                : D9
                : 11633-11641
                Article
                10.1029/1999JD900073
                51922134-898c-4f2a-9515-ec389ac1d63b
                © 1999

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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