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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in many developed countries
and remains one of the major diseases strongly affected by the diet. Nutrition can
affect CVD directly by contributing to the accumulation of vascular plaques and also
indirectly by regulating the rate of aging. This review summarizes research on nutrition
and CVD incidence based on a multipillar system that includes basic research focused
on aging, epidemiological studies, clinical studies, and studies of centenarians.
The relevant research linking nutrition and CVD with focus on macronutrients and aging
will be highlighted. We will review some of the most relevant studies on nutrition
and CVD treatment, also focusing on interventions known to delay aging. We will discuss
both everyday dietary compositions, as well as intermittent and periodic fasting interventions
with the potential to prevent and treat CVD.