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      Conocimiento sobre Lactancia Materna en Madres de los Centros de Salud Pacata y Jaihuayco del 2008 al 2009 Translated title: Knowledge on Breast Feeding Of Mothers at Pacata and Jaihuayco Health Centers from 2008 To 2009

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          Abstract

          El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad evaluar el conocimiento sobre lactancia materna en los Centros de Salud de Tupuraya y Jaihuayco (por conveniencia), porque la leche materna es el alimento ideal para promover el desarrollo y crecimiento neonatal durante los primeros 4 a 6 meses de vida. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal cuantitativo donde a través de encuestas se estudió a una muestra total de 40 madres, 17 madres que asistieron al Centro de Salud Tupuraya durante los meses de Agosto y Septiembre del año 2008 y 23 madres que asistieron al Centro de Salud Jaihuayco durante los meses de Agosto y Septiembre del año 2009. Algunos resultados relevantes obtenidos en las madres encuestadas muestran que el 45% no conocen el tiempo exclusivo de lactancia materna, el 40% dan LM junto con leche de vaca y/o leche artificial durante el tiempo exclusivo de lactancia, el 57,5% consumen bebidas alcohólicas durante el período de lactancia y el 30% sufren de complicaciones clínicas en la glándula mamaria durante el período de lactancia. El conocimiento sobre lactancia materna que tienen las madres es insuficiente e inadecuado, por lo que el presente trabajo en base a los resultados encontrados propone realizar estudios sobre conocimiento para ver si es conveniente elaborar un programa de capacitación sobre lactancia en madres que asistan a distintos hospitales o centros de salud en Cochabamba por estudiantes que cursen el 1er y 2do año académico en la carrera de medicina en las materias de Medicina Social y Preventiva.

          Translated abstract

          This study aims assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice on breastfeeding in the Health Centers in Jaihuayco and Pacata, because breast milk is the ideal food to promote development and neonatal growth during the first 4 to 6 months. This is a cross sectional study, through surveys where we studied a total sample of 40 mothers, 17 mothers attending the Centro de Salud Tupuraya during the months of August through September 2008 and 23 mothers attending the CS Jaihuayco during the months of August and September of 2009. Some results obtained from the mothers showed that 45% do not know the exclusive period of time of BF, 40% provide breastfeeding with cow's milk or formula during the time of exclusive breastfeeding, 57.5% consume alcoholic beverages during the lactation period and 30% suffer clinical complications in the mammary gland during lactation. The knowledges, attitudes and practices on breastfeeding that mothers have are insufficient and inadequate, so this work based on its findings proposes to conduct studies to see whether to do a training program on breastfeeding in mothers who attend different hospitals or health centers in Cochabamba by students enrolled in the 1 st and 2nd academic year of medical career in the áreas of Social and Preventive Medicine.

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          Long-term effects of breastfeeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections on asthma in children.

          The effect of breastfeeding on asthma is controversial, which may be explained by related and interacting early childhood risk factors. We assessed the joint effects of a risk-triad consisting of maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding for less than 3 months, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (RLRTI) on physician-diagnosed childhood asthma. The association was assessed in the Isle of Wight birth cohort study (1989-1990) using a repeated measurement approach with data collection at birth, and at ages 1, 2, 4, and 10 years. The population consists of 1,456 children recruited between January 1989 and February 1990. Prenatal smoking, breastfeeding for less than 3 months, and recurrent lower respiratory infections (RLRTI) were combined into eight risk-triads. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with a log-linear model. The risk-triad involving RLRTI in infancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and breastfeeding for less than 3 months showed a stronger association with asthma at ages 4 and 10 compared to other risk-triads (RR of 5.79 for any asthma at ages 1, 2, 4, and 10; and 3.1 for asthma at ages 4 and 10). Of the three individual risk factors, RLRTI appeared to be the major driver of the combined effects in the risk-triads. The effect of RLRTI on asthma was modified by breastfeeding. Breastfeeding for > or = 3 months also attenuated the effect of prenatal smoking on asthma in children without RLRTI. A high proportion of asthma cases in childhood can be prevented by promoting breastfeeding, by preventing smoking during pregnancy, and by avoidance of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood.
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            A comprehensive review of assay methods to determine drugs in breast milk and the safety of breastfeeding when taking drugs.

            Most of the licit and illicit drugs consumed by the breastfeeding woman pass into the milk and can modify the production, volume and composition of the milk, as well as hypothetically have short- and long-term harmful effects on the infant. There is much confusion in the scientific community regarding this issue: should a woman breastfeed her baby while continuing to use prescription drugs and/or drugs of abuse? There are many case reports of clinically significant toxicity in breast-fed infants from some substances used by mothers (such as irritability, vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression, shock), but there are too few data on studies conducted in breastfeeding women and their infants to make a realistic risk assessment. The objective measurement of a drug and/or metabolites in maternal milk is the first step when investigating the amount of drug excreted in milk and subsequently calculating the daily dose administered to the breast-fed infant. The present review reports the analytical methods developed to detect different drugs in the breast milk, listing the principal characteristics and validation parameters, advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the mechanisms of drug transfer into breast milk are discussed, the correlation between the concentration of the drug in breast milk and potential adverse outcomes on the infant are described for each drug, and suggested harm minimization strategies and approved breastfeeding recommendations are indicated.
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              Factores psicosociales que influyen en el abandono de la lactancia materna

              Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre el abandono de la lactancia materna en 144 madres en la Consulta de Seguimiento del Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital General Docente "Enrique Cabrera", de Ciudad de La Habana, durante el período comprendido de junio de 1994 a diciembre de 1996. Se valoraron los niveles de escolaridad de los padres, ocupación, apoyo familiar y nivel de ansiedad de la madre, entre otros. El 59,1 % de los neonatos lactó hasta los primeros 4 meses de vida. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los factores psicosociales que influyeron en el abandono de la lactancia materna en estas madres. El 55,5 % de las madres estudiadas tenía entre 20 y 29 años y el abandono de la lactancia materna fue más frecuente en el grupo menor de 20 años y el de 35 años y más. Ni la edad, ni el nivel de escolaridad de la madre y el esposo influyeron en el abandono de la lactancia. En el grupo de madres estudiantes hubo un mayor porcentaje de abandono de dicho tipo de lactancia. El estado civil tampoco influyó en el abandono de la lactancia, aunque se observó un mayor porcentaje de madres que lactaran en el grupo de las casadas. Las madres que no recibieron apoyo familiar abandonaron con más frecuencia la lactancia materna, al igual que aquéllas que tenían un alto nivel de ansiedad, diferencias que fueron significativas entre ambos grupos con una p < 0,05 en el primer caso y una p < 0,01 en el segundo. El nivel de ansiedad como rasgo no influyó en dicho abandono ni tampoco la vida sexual de la madre. Se concluye que la falta de apoyo familiar y el nivel alto de ansiedad como estado influyen sobre el abandono de la lactancia materna.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rccm
                Revista Científica Ciencia Médica
                Rev Cient Cienc Méd
                Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón. (Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia )
                2077-3323
                December 2010
                : 13
                : 2
                : 73-76
                Affiliations
                [01] Cochabamba Bolivia orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Simón
                [02] Cochabamba orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Simón orgdiv1Facultad de medicina orgdiv2Departamente de Medicina Social y Medicina Preventiva Bolivia neo_misterram@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S1817-74332010000200005
                51d025cc-5bda-4994-905d-f03ddfcfd189

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 October 2010
                : 05 December 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Lactancia Materna,Leche Materna,Recién Nacido,Breastfeeding,breast milk,newborn

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