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      Effect of Olea oleaster and Juniperus procera leaves extracts on thioacetamide induced hepatic cirrhosis in male albino mice

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          Abstract

          The effect of Olea oleaster and Juniperus procera leaves extracts and their combination on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic cirrhosis were investigated in male albino mice. One hundred sixty mice were used in this study and were randomly distributed into eight groups of 20 each. Mice of group 1 served as controls. Mice of group 2 were treated with TAA. Mice of group 3 were exposed to TAA and supplemented with O. oleaster leaves extracts. Mice of group 4 were treated with TAA and supplemented with J. procera leaves extracts. Mice of group 5 were subjected to TAA and supplemented with O. oleaster and J. procera leaves extracts. Mice of groups 6, 7 and 8 were supplemented with O. oleaster, J. procera, and O. oleaster and J. procera leaves extracts respectively. Administration of TAA for six and twelve weeks resulted in a decline in body weight gain and increased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Histopathological evaluations of hepatic sections from mice treated with TAA showed severe alterations including increase of fibrogenesis processes with structural damage. Treatment of mice with these extracts showed a pronounced attenuation in TAA induced hepatic cirrhosis associated with physiological and histopathological alterations. Finally, this study suggests that the supplementation of these extracts may act as antioxidant agents and could be an excellent adjuvant support in the therapy of hepatic cirrhosis.

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          Protection of SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells from Glutamate-Induced Apoptosis by 3,6′-Disinapoyl Sucrose, a Bioactive Compound Isolated from Radix Polygala

          The neuroprotective effects of 3,6′-disinapoyl sucrose (DISS) from Radix Polygala against glutamate-induced SH-SY5Y neuronal cells injury were evaluated in the present study. SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were pretreated with glutamate (8 mM) for 30 min followed by cotreatment with DISS for 12 h. Cell viability was determined by (3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was confirmed by cell morphology and flow cytometry assay, evaluated with propidium iodide dye. Treatment with DISS (0.6, 6, and 60 μmol/L) increased cell viability dose dependently, inhibited LDH release, and attenuated apoptosis. The mechanisms by which DISS protected neuron cells from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity included the downregulation of proapoptotic gene Bax and the upregulation of antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2. The present findings indicated that DISS exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate toxicity, which might be of importance and contribute to its clinical efficacy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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            Investigation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and DNA-protective properties of eugenol in thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats.

            The present study investigated the preventive effect of eugenol, a naturally occurring food flavouring agent on thioacetamide (TA)-induced hepatic injury in rats. Adult male Wistar rats of body weight 150-180 g were used for the study. Eugenol (10.7 mg/kg b.w./day) was administered to rats by oral intubation for 15 days. TA was administered (300 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) for the last 2 days at 24h interval and the rats were sacrificed on the 16th day. Markers of liver injury (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and bilirubin), inflammation (myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation indices, protein carbonyl and antioxidant status) and cytochrome P4502E1 activity were assessed. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the extent of DNA damage were analyzed using immunoblotting and comet assay, respectively. Liver injury and collagen accumulation were assessed using histological studies by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Rats exposed to TA alone showed increased activities of hepatocellular enzymes in plasma, lipid peroxidation indices, inflammatory markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased antioxidant status in circulation and liver. Hepatic injury and necrosis were also evidenced by histology. Eugenol pretreatment prevented liver injury by decreasing CYP2E1 activity, lipid peroxidation indices, protein oxidation and inflammatory markers and by improving the antioxidant status. Single-cell gel electrophoresis revealed that eugenol pretreatment prevented DNA strand break induced by TA. Increased expression of COX-2 gene induced by TA was also abolished by eugenol. These findings suggest that eugenol curtails the toxic effects of TA in liver. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              A kinetic photometric method for serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

              G Szasz (1969)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Saudi J Biol Sci
                Saudi J Biol Sci
                Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
                Elsevier
                1319-562X
                2213-7106
                28 August 2015
                May 2016
                28 August 2015
                : 23
                : 3
                : 363-371
                Affiliations
                Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +966 504629915. atef_a_2000@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S1319-562X(15)00189-8
                10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.08.011
                4818330
                27081362
                51d6fafe-3d48-406e-b369-d3d900008f83
                © 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 5 July 2015
                : 13 August 2015
                : 19 August 2015
                Categories
                Original Article

                hepatic cirrhosis,thioacetamide,olea oleaster,juniperus procera,mice

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