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      Near-field optics: microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface modification beyond the diffraction limit.

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      Science (New York, N.Y.)
      American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          Abstract

          The near-field optical interaction between a sharp probe and a sample of interest can be exploited to image, spectroscopically probe, or modify surfaces at a resolution (down to approximately 12 nm) inaccessible by traditional far-field techniques. Many of the attractive features of conventional optics are retained, including noninvasiveness, reliability, and low cost. In addition, most optical contrast mechanisms can be extended to the near-field regime, resulting in a technique of considerable versatility. This versatility is demonstrated by several examples, such as the imaging of nanometric-scale features in mammalian tissue sections and the creation of ultrasmall, magneto-optic domains having implications for highdensity data storage. Although the technique may find uses in many diverse fields, two of the most exciting possibilities are localized optical spectroscopy of semiconductors and the fluorescence imaging of living cells.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Science
          Science (New York, N.Y.)
          American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
          0036-8075
          0036-8075
          Jul 10 1992
          : 257
          : 5067
          Article
          257/5067/189
          10.1126/science.257.5067.189
          17794749
          51e30dff-19d9-4b03-9849-a2b0a802233a
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