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      Resiliencia y sobrecarga en cuidadores familiares de enfermos con demencias en Navarra Translated title: Resilience and burden in family caregivers of patients with dementias in Navarre

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar la adaptación de los cuidadores familiares de enfermos con demencias. Otros objetivos son establecer una relación entre sobrecarga y resiliencia, analizar las diferencias significativas de sexo entre cuidadores, detectar diferencias económicas y comparar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas frente al estrés. Metodología: Se han utilizado cuatro cuestionarios distintos. El primero consta de una entrevista sociodemográfica de diseño propio; el cuestionario CD-RISC 10 (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), el cual mide el grado de resiliencia del paciente; el tercer formulario es la Escala de Carga del Cuidador, con el cual se consiguen evaluar los diferentes grados de sobrecarga, y el último instrumento es el cuestionario COPE-28, que evalúa las diferentes formas de respuesta ante el estrés. Resultados: El perfil más común del cuidador es una mujer de entre 50 y 60 años de edad, que lleva alrededor de 6 años cuidando a un enfermo de Alzheimer. Además, la mayoría de las personas encuestadas tienen resiliencia y sobrecarga medias, aunque los hombres obtuvieron mayor resiliencia (con significación estadística) y menor sobrecarga que las mujeres (sin ella). Respecto a la resiliencia, predominan las estrategias de aceptación, afrontamiento activo y planificación, de acuerdo con los resultados en CD-RISC-10, confirmados por los de COPE-28. Conclusiones: Se ha conseguido ofrecer datos dirigidos a mejorar los enfoques de intervención psicológica en familiares cuidadores de enfermos con demencia, específicamente en el ámbito de Navarra, ya que establecen estrategias que COPE-28 ha probado que tienen correlación con la resiliencia. En definitiva, obtener evidencia científica sobre la que modificar los programas terapéuticos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the adaptation of family caregivers of patients with dementias. Other objectives are to establish a relationship between burden and resilience, to analyze significant gender differences among caregivers, to detect economic differences and to compare strategies used in order to deal with stress. Methods: Four different tests have been used. The first one consists of a sociodemographic interview made by ourselves; the CD-RISC-10 (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) questionnaire, which measures the degree of patient resilience; the Caregiver Burden Interview, which measures the different degrees of burden; the last one is the COPE-28 questionnaire, which evaluates the different ways of stress response. Results: It has been obtained that the most common profile of the caregiver is a woman between 50 and 60 years of age who has been caring for an Alzheimer's patient for about 6 years. Furthermore, most of the people surveyed have medium resilience and overload, although men obtained greater resilience (with statistical significance) and less overload than women (without it). Regarding resilience, acceptance, active coping and planning strategies predominate, according to the results in CDRISC-10, confirmed by those of COPE-28. Conclusions: It has been possible to offer data aimed at improving psychological intervention approaches in family caregivers of patients with dementia, specifically in the area of Navarra, since they establish strategies that COPE-28 has proven to correlate with resilience. Definitely, obtaining scientific evidence on the basis of which to modify therapeutic programs.

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          Most cited references42

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          Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).

          Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0-4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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            You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE.

            Studies of coping in applied settings often confront the need to minimize time demands on participants. The problem of participant response burden is exacerbated further by the fact that these studies typically are designed to test multiple hypotheses with the same sample, a strategy that entails the use of many time-consuming measures. Such research would benefit from a brief measure of coping assessing several responses known to be relevant to effective and ineffective coping. This article presents such a brief form of a previously published measure called the COPE inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989), which has proven to be useful in health-related research. The Brief COPE omits two scales of the full COPE, reduces others to two items per scale, and adds one scale. Psychometric properties of the Brief COPE are reported, derived from a sample of adults participating in a study of the process of recovery after Hurricane Andrew.
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              Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience.

              Resilience refers to an individual's ability to thrive despite adversity. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Three undergraduate samples (ns < 500) were used to determine the factor structure of the CD-RISC. The first two samples were used to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the third was used for confirmatory factor analysis. The EFA showed that the CD-RISC had an unstable factor structure across two demographically equivalent samples. A series of empirically driven modifications was made, resulting in a 10-item unidimensional scale that demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Overall, the 10-item CD-RISC displays excellent psychometric properties and allows for efficient measurement of resilience.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                geroko
                Gerokomos
                Gerokomos
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1134-928X
                2022
                : 33
                : 2
                : 88-94
                Affiliations
                [1] Pamplona Navarra orgnameAsociación de Familiares de Enfermos de Alzheimer de Navarra (AFAN) España
                [5] Tudela Navarra orgnameIES Valle del Ebro orgdiv1Bi+ España
                [4] Tudela Navarra orgnameIES Valle del Ebro orgdiv1Bi+ España
                [2] Pamplona Navarra orgnameAsociación de Familiares de Enfermos de Alzheimer de Navarra (AFAN) España
                [3] Tudela Navarra orgnameAsociación de Familiares de Enfermos de Alzheimer de Navarra (AFAN) España
                Article
                S1134-928X2022000200005 S1134-928X(22)03300200005
                51ff1be6-201a-403a-a0e9-3c13b7be3162

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 May 2020
                : 11 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Enfermedad de Alzheimer,informal caregivers,familiar caregivers,resilience,dementias,Alzheimer's disease,cuidadores informales,familiares cuidadores,resiliencia,demencias

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