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      Fatigue and Dyspnoea as Main Persistent Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Previously Hospitalized Patients: Related Functional Limitations and Disability

      research-article
      Author(s): a , * , a , b , a , a , a , c , d , a , a , c , d , b , e , a , f , a , b , a , g , e , h , g , e , h , i , j , k
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Respiration
      Publisher: S. Karger AG
      Keywords: COVID-19, Fatigue, Dyspnoea, Function, Risk factors

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          Abstract

          Background

          Multicentre studies focussing on specific long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms are scarce.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to determine the levels of fatigue and dyspnoea, repercussions on daily life activities, and risk factors associated with fatigue or dyspnoea in COVID-19 survivors at long term after hospital discharge.

          Methods

          Age, gender, height, weight, symptoms at hospitalization, pre-existing medical comorbidity, intensive care unit admission, and the presence of cardio-respiratory symptoms developed after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were collected from patients who recovered from COVID-19 at 4 hospitals in Madrid (Spain) from March 1 to May 31, 2020 (first COVID-19 wave). The Functional Impairment Checklist was used for evaluating fatigue/dyspnoea levels and functional limitations.

          Results

          A total of 1,142 patients (48% women, age: 61, standard deviation [SD]: 17 years) were assessed 7.0 months (SD 0.6) after hospitalization. Fatigue was present in 61% patients, dyspnoea with activity in 55%, and dyspnoea at rest in 23.5%. Only 355 (31.1%) patients did not exhibit fatigue and/or dyspnoea 7 months after hospitalization. Forty-five per cent reported functional limitations with daily living activities. Risk factors associated with fatigue and dyspnoea included female gender, number of pre-existing comorbidities, and number of symptoms at hospitalization. The number of days at hospital was a risk factor just for dyspnoea.

          Conclusions

          Fatigue and/or dyspnoea were present in 70% of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors 7 months after discharge. In addition, 45% patients exhibited limitations on daily living activities. Being female, higher number of pre-existing medical comorbidities and number of symptoms at hospitalization were risk factors associated to fatigue/dyspnoea in COVID-19 survivors 7 months after hospitalization.

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          Most cited references36

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          Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

          Wei-jie Guan, Zheng-yi Ni, Yu Hu … (2020)
          Abstract Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. Methods We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. Conclusions During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)
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            A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

            Na Zhu, Dingyu Zhang, Wenling Wang … (2020)
            Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)
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              Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19

              Angelo Carfì, Roberto Bernabei, Francesco Landi (2020)
              This case series describes COVID-19 symptoms persisting a mean of 60 days after onset among Italian patients previously discharged from COVID-19 hospitalization.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1800 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Respiration
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Respiration
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RES
                Title: Respiration
                Publisher: S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.com )
                ISSN (Print): 0025-7931
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0356
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 September 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 21 September 2021
                Pages: 1-10
                Affiliations
                [1] aDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
                [2] bNeurology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
                [3] cDepartment of Internal Medicine-Infectious, Research Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
                [4] dDepartment of Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
                [5] eDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
                [6] fFaculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
                [7] gDepartment of Physical Therapy, Hospital Universitario Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
                [8] hDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, Madrid, Spain
                [9] iDepartment of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
                [10] jDepartment of Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
                [11] kDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, CNAP, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg, Denmark
                Author notes
                *César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, cesar.fernandez@ 123456urjc.es
                Article
                Publisher ID: res-0001
                DOI: 10.1159/000518854
                PMC ID: 8678253
                PubMed ID: 34569550
                SO-VID: 52416169-3967-42f6-b22d-ee3fc758be67
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2021 by S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

                History
                Date received : 12 March 2021
                Date accepted : 27 July 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, References: 31, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Subject: Clinical Investigations

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: covid-19,fatigue,dyspnoea,function,risk factors
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: covid-19, fatigue, dyspnoea, function, risk factors

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