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      Metformin in cancer therapy: a new perspective for an old antidiabetic drug?

      Molecular cancer therapeutics
      Adenylate Kinase, metabolism, physiology, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, pharmacology, therapeutic use, Cell Proliferation, drug effects, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Medical Oncology, trends, Metformin, Models, Biological, Neoplasms, drug therapy, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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          Abstract

          Metformin is the most widely used antidiabetic drug in the world, and there is increasing evidence of a potential efficacy of this agent as an anticancer drug. First, epidemiological studies show a decrease in cancer incidence in metformin-treated patients. Second, metformin decreases insulin resistance and indirectly reduces insulin level, a beneficial effect because insulin promotes cancer cell growth. Third, several reports outline a direct inhibitory effect of metformin on cancer cell growth and an antitumoral action. Finally, metformin activates the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, a major sensor of the energetic status of the cell, which has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target in cancer.

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