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      Pfortaderthrombosen – therapeutische Möglichkeiten Translated title: Portal vein thrombosis—treatment options

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          Abstract

          Die Pfortaderthrombose ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die eine Thrombose im Zustromgebiet der Pfortader in die Leber beschreibt bzw. in der Leber selbst in den entsprechenden Pfortaderästen lokalisiert ist. Oftmals liegt bereits eine chronische Lebererkrankung bzw. ein Malignom der Leber selbst oder unmittelbar benachbart liegender Organe vor; die Pfortaderthrombose kann aber auch bei Patienten auftreten, die keine entsprechende Vorerkrankung haben. Bei jeder neu diagnostizierten Pfortaderthrombose gilt es zu entscheiden, ob unmittelbar oder im Verlauf eine radiologisch-interventionelle Rekanalisation vorgenommen wird oder ein rein konservativer Therapieversuch mit Antikoagulanzien erfolgt. Aber auch chirurgische Verfahren, wie eine Shuntanlage oder die Notwendigkeit einer Lebertransplantation, müssen hierbei berücksichtigt werden. Für diesen Therapiealgorithmus ist die Kontaktaufnahme mit einem entsprechenden Zentrum sinnvoll. Die Therapieentscheidung muss die Ursache der Pfortaderthrombose und die Begleiterkrankungen adäquat berücksichtigen.

          Translated abstract

          Portal vein thrombosis is a rare disease that describes a thrombosis in the extrahepatic or intrahepatic portion of the portal vein. Chronic liver disease or malignancy of the liver itself is often already present. However, inflammation or malignancy of nearby organs can also cause portal vein thrombosis. In addition, portal vein thrombosis can also occur in patients who have no corresponding previous illness. With every newly diagnosed portal vein thrombosis, an interdisciplinary decision is necessary: radiological intervention for recanalization, solitary anticoagulant therapy or surgical procedures (e.g., shunt installation or liver transplantation) have to be discussed. It is necessary to contact an appropriate center for this. The therapeutic decision must include the portal vein thrombosis etiology and accompanying diseases of the patient.

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          Most cited references21

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          Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis: Current Perspectives

          Abstract Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) including portal, mesenteric, splenic vein thrombosis and the Budd-Chiari syndrome, is a manifestation of unusual site venous thromboembolism. SVT presents with a lower incidence than deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs and pulmonary embolism, with portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome being respectively the most and the least common presentations of SVT. SVT is classified as provoked if secondary to a local or systemic risk factor, or unprovoked if the causative trigger cannot be identified. Diagnostic evaluation is often affected by the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations: the presence of one or more risk factors in a patient with a high clinical suspicion may suggest the execution of diagnostic tests. Doppler ultrasonography represents the first line diagnostic tool because of its accuracy and wide availability. Further investigations, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography, should be executed in case of suspected thrombosis of the mesenteric veins, suspicion of SVT-related complications, or to complete information after Doppler ultrasonography. Once SVT diagnosis is established, a careful patient evaluation should be performed in order to assess the risks and benefits of the anticoagulant therapy and to drive the optimal treatment intensity. Due to the low quality and large heterogeneity of published data, guidance documents and expert opinion could direct therapeutic decision, suggesting which patients to treat, which anticoagulant to use and the duration of treatment.
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            Portal Vein Recanalization and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis: Technical Considerations.

            Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is common in cirrhotic patients and presents a challenge at the time of transplant. Owing to the increased posttransplant morbidity and mortality associated with complete PVT, the presence of PVT is a relative contraindication to liver transplantation at many centers. Our group began performing portal vein (PV) recanalization and transjugular intrahepatic portostystemic shunt placement (PVR-TIPS) several years ago to optimize the transplant candidacy of patients with PVT. The procedure has evolved to include transsplenic access to assist with recanalization, which is now our preferred method due to its technical success without significant added morbidity. Here, we describe in detail our approach to PVR-TIPS with a focus on the transsplenic method. The procedure was attempted in 61 patients and was technically successful in 60 patients (98%). After transitioning to transsplenic access to assist with recanalization, the technical success rate has improved to 100%. The recanalized portal vein and TIPS have maintained patency during follow-up, or to the time of transplant, in 55 patients (92%) with a mean follow-up of 16.7 months. In total, 23 patients (38%) have undergone transplant, all of whom received a physiologic anastomosis (end-to-end anastomosis in 22 of 23 patients, 96%). PVR-TIPS placement should be considered as an option for patients with chronic PVT in need of transplantation. Transsplenic access makes the procedure technically straightforward and should be considered as the primary method for recanalization.
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              Systematic review with meta-analysis: portal vein recanalisation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis.

              Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt has been increasingly used in patients with portal vein thrombosis to obtain patency, but evidenced-based decisions are challenging.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                christian.steib@med.uni-muenchen.de
                Journal
                Gastroenterologe
                Gastroenterologe
                Der Gastroenterologe
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                1861-9681
                1861-969X
                11 February 2021
                : 1-7
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411095.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0477 2585, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Campus Innenstadt/Großhadern, , Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, ; Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Deutschland
                [2 ]GRID grid.411095.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0477 2585, Klinik für Allgemein- Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, , Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, ; München, Deutschland
                [3 ]GRID grid.411095.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0477 2585, Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, , Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, ; München, Deutschland
                Author notes
                [Redaktion]

                J. Mayerle, München

                F. Tacke, Berlin

                Article
                507
                10.1007/s11377-021-00507-5
                7877515
                33613777
                52ad252a-9543-427f-8b98-0bf653279892
                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2021

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 12 January 2021
                Categories
                Schwerpunkt

                transjugulärer intrahepatischer portosystemischer shunt,antikoagulanzien,thrombophilie,diagnostische bildgebung,gastroskopie,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts,anticoagulants,thrombophilia,diagnostic imaging,gastroscopy

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