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      Mollusk freaks: new teratological cases on marine mollusks from the South Pacific Ocean

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The present study provides new documented cases of abnormalities on chitons (hypomerism and coalescence of shell plates), in addition to four new cases on keyhole limpets (closed apical opening), and one new teratologic case on internal organs in octopuses (missing gill). We assess the frequency of these abnormalities and discuss about its possible environmental, mechanic and genetic causes. Several of these findings represent the first of these cases reported in South Pacific Ocean.

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          Cephalopod Hox genes and the origin of morphological novelties.

          Patricia Lee, Patrick Callaerts, Heinz G De Couet … (2003)
          Cephalopods are a diverse group of highly derived molluscs, including nautiluses, squids, octopuses and cuttlefish. Evolution of the cephalopod body plan from a monoplacophoran-like ancestor entailed the origin of several key morphological innovations contributing to their impressive evolutionary success. Recruitment of regulatory genes, or even pre-existing regulatory networks, may be a common genetic mechanism for generating new structures. Hox genes encode a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins with a highly conserved role in axial patterning in bilaterians; however, examples highlighting the importance of Hox gene recruitment for new developmental functions are also known. Here we examined developmental expression patterns for eight out of nine Hox genes in the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes, by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Our data show that Hox orthologues have been recruited multiple times and in many ways in the origin of new cephalopod structures. The manner in which these genes have been co-opted during cephalopod evolution provides insight to the nature of the molecular mechanisms driving morphological change in the Lophotrochozoa, a clade exhibiting the greatest diversity of body plans in the Metazoa.
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            Expression of Patella vulgata orthologs of engrailed and dpp-BMP2/4 in adjacent domains during molluscan shell development suggests a conserved compartment boundary mechanism.

            Alexander Nederbragt, André van Loon, Wim J.A.G. Dictus (2002)
            The engrailed gene is well known from its role in segmentation and central nervous system development in a variety of species. In molluscs, however, engrailed is involved in shell formation. So far, it seemed that engrailed had been co-opted uniquely for this particular process in molluscs. Here, we show that, in the gastropod mollusc Patella vulgata, an engrailed ortholog is expressed in the edge of the embryonic shell and in the anlage of the apical sensory organ. Surprisingly, a dpp-BMP2/4 ortholog is expressed in cells of the ectoderm surrounding, but not overlapping, the engrailed-expressing shell-forming cells. It is also expressed in the anlage of the eyes. Earlier it was shown that a compartment boundary exists between the cells of the embryonic shell and the adjacent ectoderm. We conclude that engrailed and dpp are most likely involved in setting up a compartment boundary between these cells, very similar to the situation in, for example, the developing wing imaginal disc in Drosophila. We suggest that engrailed became involved in shell formation because of its ancestral role, which is to set up compartment boundaries between embryonic domains.
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              Marine Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution

              Maria Roccheri, Roberto Chiarelli (2014)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Felipe I. Torres: Role: ND
                Christian M. Ibáñez: Role: ND
                Víctor E. Sanhueza: Role: ND
                M. Cecilia Pardo-Gandarillas: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): lajar
                Title: Latin american journal of aquatic research
                Abbreviated Title: Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res.
                Publisher: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Facultad de Recursos Naturales. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso, , Chile )
                ISSN (Electronic): 0718-560X
                Publication date (Print and electronic): September 2018
                Volume: 46
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 683-689
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Chile
                [2] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Andrés Bello orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida orgdiv2Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad Chile
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0718-560X2018000400683
                DOI: 10.3856/vol46-issue4-fulltext-5
                SO-VID: 52cfa42e-effd-4c77-b10b-6a2d6f3f5312
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 24 July 2017
                Date accepted : 05 December 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Keywords: Mollusca,chiton,keyhole limpet,octopus,abnormalities,South Pacific
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Mollusca, chiton, keyhole limpet, octopus, abnormalities, South Pacific

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