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      International Journal of COPD (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on pathophysiological processes underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) interventions, patient focused education, and self-management protocols. Sign up for email alerts here.

      39,063 Monthly downloads/views I 2.893 Impact Factor I 5.2 CiteScore I 1.16 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 0.804 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Personal Growth and Associated Factors Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          This cross-sectional study aimed to describe personal growth and to analyze its associated factors among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.

          Patients and Methods

          A total of 364 Chinese COPD hospitalized patients were included in the study between November 2016 and April 2018. Participants provided demographic information and completed the Growth Through Uncertainty Scale (GTUS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (mMRC).

          Results

          The mean total score on the GTUS was 142.34 ( SD = 7.61). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that factors including educational level, average monthly income, social support, and breathlessness can influence personal growth ( R 2 = 0.427, F = 44.420, p < 0.001), explaining 42.7% of the variance.

          Conclusion

          COPD patients tend to report a moderate level of personal growth in China. Educational level, average monthly income, social support, and breathlessness were significant factors associated with personal growth. Medical workers should be aware of the level of personal growth among COPD patients and make tailored interventions to facilitate COPD patients’ personal growth, such as increasing social support and decrease breathlessness.

          Most cited references41

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          Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.

          Carol Ryff (1989)
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            Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

            J C Bestall, E Paul, R. Garrod … (1999)
            Methods of classifying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depend largely upon spirometric measurements but disability is only weakly related to measurements of lung function. With the increased use of pulmonary rehabilitation, a need has been identified for a simple and standardised method of categorising disability in COPD. This study examined the validity of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale for this purpose. One hundred patients with COPD were recruited from an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Assessments included the MRC dyspnoea scale, spirometric tests, blood gas tensions, a shuttle walking test, and Borg scores for perceived breathlessness before and after exercise. Health status was assessed using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ). The Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (EADL) score and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score were also measured. Of the patients studied, 32 were classified as having MRC grade 3 dyspnoea, 34 MRC grade 4 dyspnoea, and 34 MRC grade 5 dyspnoea. Patients with MRC grades 1 and 2 dyspnoea were not included in the study. There was a significant association between MRC grade and shuttle distance, SGRQ and CRQ scores, mood state and EADL. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was not associated with MRC grade. Multiple logistic regression showed that the determinants of disability appeared to vary with the level of disability. Between MRC grades 3 and 4 the significant covariates were exercise performance, SGRQ and depression score, whilst between grades 4 and 5 exercise performance and age were the major determinants. The MRC dyspnoea scale is a simple and valid method of categorising patients with COPD in terms of their disability that could be used to complement FEV1 in the classification of COPD severity.
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              Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

              K Berkoff, G Zimet, S Powell … (1990)
              The initial study describing the development of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) indicated that it was a psychometrically sound instrument (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988). The current study attempted to extend the initial findings by demonstrating the internal reliability, factorial validity, and subscale validity of the MSPSS using three different subject groups: (a) 265 pregnant women, (b) 74 adolescents living in Europe with their families, and (c) 55 pediatric residents. The MSPSS was found to have good internal reliability across subject groups. In addition, strong factorial validity was demonstrated, confirming the three-subscale structure of the MSPSS: Family, Friends, and Significant Other. Finally, strong support was also found for the validity of the Family and Significant Other subscales.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): copd
                Journal ID (pmc): copd
                Title: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9106
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2005
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 November 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 15
                Pages: 2977-2983
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Rory Meyers College of Nursing and NYU Aging Incubator, New York University , New York, NY, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Jie Li; Jing Mao School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Hangkong Road 13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18971097091; +86 13317135988Fax +86 02783692635; +86 02783692657 Email Lijie@hust.edu.cn; maojing@hust.edu.cn
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6891-244X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-9992
                Article
                Publisher ID: 268069
                DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S268069
                PMC ID: 7680159
                PubMed ID: 33235446
                SO-VID: 53227f06-820a-4946-babc-0e9b4e9317a8
                Copyright © © 2020 Zhao et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 03 August 2020
                Date accepted : 19 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, References: 43, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: breathlessness,china,copd,personal growth,social support
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: breathlessness, china, copd, personal growth, social support

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