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      Organosolv lignin depolymerization with different base catalysts

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      Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Physico-chemical characterization of lignins from different sources for use in phenol-formaldehyde resin synthesis.

          During the last decades lignin has been investigated as a promising natural alternative to petrochemicals in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin production, due to their structural similarity. Physico-chemical characterization of three types of lignin, namely kraft pine lignin (L1), soda-anthraquinone flax lignin (L2), and ethanol-water wild tamarind lignin (L3) has been evaluated to determine which one is the most suitable chemical structure for above purpose. Characterization has been performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ((1)H NMR) to analyse the chemical structure, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determining molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the glass transition temperature and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to follow the thermal degradation. Both structural and thermal characteristics suggest that kraft pine lignin (L1) would be a better phenol (P) substitute in the synthesis of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins, as it presents higher amounts of activated free ring positions, higher MW and higher thermal decomposition temperature.
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            Lignin depolymerization/repolymerization and its critical role for delignification of aspen wood by steam explosion.

            Steam explosion is an important process for the fractionation of biomass components. In order to understand the behaviour of lignin under the conditions encountered in the steam explosion process, as well as in other types of steam treatment, aspen wood and isolated lignin from aspen were subjected to steam treatment under various conditions. The lignin portion was analyzed using NMR and size exclusion chromatography as major analytical techniques. Thereby, the competition between lignin depolymerization and repolymerization was revealed and the conditions required for these two types of reaction identified. Addition of a reactive phenol, 2-naphthol, was shown to inhibit the repolymerization reaction strongly, resulting in a highly improved delignification by subsequent solvent extraction and an extracted lignin of uniform structure.
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              Characterisation of structure-dependent functional properties of lignin with infrared spectroscopy

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology
                J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.
                Wiley-Blackwell
                02682575
                November 2012
                November 03 2012
                : 87
                : 11
                : 1593-1599
                Article
                10.1002/jctb.3799
                532293a4-7e89-4b0f-98e1-0c5f10be4d2b
                © 2012

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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