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      Microfluidic monitoring of the growth of individual hyphae in confined environments

      research-article
      1 , 1 , 2
      Royal Society Open Science
      The Royal Society
      fungi, microfluidics, growth

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          Abstract

          Soil fungi have the ability to form large mycelial networks. They rely on the resources available in the soil to produce biomass and are able to degrade complex biomolecules. Some of them can even degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants and are considered as promising candidates for soil bioremediation strategies. However, the success of this approach depends on the ability of fungi to colonize the soil matrix, where they encounter spatial and temporal variations of confinement, humidity and nutrient concentration. In this paper, we present a study of fungal growth at the scale of single hyphae in a microfluidic device, allowing fine control of nutrient and water supply. Time-lapse microscopy allowed simultaneous monitoring of the growth of dozens of hyphae of Talaromyces helicus, a soil isolate, and of the model fungus Neurospora crassa through parallel microchannels. The distributions of growth velocity obtained for each strain were compared with measurements obtained in macroscopic solid culture. For the two strains used in the study, confinement caused the growth velocity to drop in comparison with unconfined experiments. In addition, N. crassa was also limited in its growth by the nutrient supply, while the microfluidic culture conditions seemed better suited for T. helicus. Qualitative observations of fungi growing in microfluidic chambers without lateral confinement also revealed that side walls influence the branching behaviour of hyphae. This study is one of the first to consider the confinement degree within soil microporosities as a key factor of fungal growth, and to address its effect, along with physicochemical parameters, on soil colonization, notably for bioremediation purposes.

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          Most cited references33

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          Sensing the environment: lessons from fungi.

          All living organisms use numerous signal-transduction systems to sense and respond to their environments and thereby survive and proliferate in a range of biological niches. Molecular dissection of these signalling networks has increased our understanding of these communication processes and provides a platform for therapeutic intervention when these pathways malfunction in disease states, including infection. Owing to the expanding availability of sequenced genomes, a wealth of genetic and molecular tools and the conservation of signalling networks, members of the fungal kingdom serve as excellent model systems for more complex, multicellular organisms. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of how fungal-signalling circuits operate at the molecular level to sense and respond to a plethora of environmental cues.
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            Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus Talaromyces

            The genus Talaromyces was described by Benjamin in 1955 as a sexual state of Penicillium that produces soft walled ascomata covered with interwoven hyphae. Phylogenetic information revealed that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium and Talaromyces form a monophyletic clade distinct from the other Penicillium subgenera. Subsequently, in combination with the recent adoption of the one fungus one name concept, Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium was transferred to Talaromyces. At the time, the new combinations were made based only on phylogenetic information. As such, the aim of this study was to provide a monograph on Talaromyces applying a polyphasic species concept, including morphological, molecular and physiological characters. Based on an ITS, BenA and RPB2 multigene phylogeny, we propose a new sectional classification for the genus, placing the 88 accepted species into seven sections, named sections Bacillispori, Helici, Islandici, Purpurei, Subinflati, Talaromyces and Trachyspermi. We provide morphological descriptions for each of these species, as well as notes on their identification using morphology and DNA sequences. For molecular identification, BenA is proposed as a secondary molecular marker to the accepted ITS barcode for fungi.
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              Macropores and water flow in soils revisited

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                R Soc Open Sci
                R Soc Open Sci
                RSOS
                royopensci
                Royal Society Open Science
                The Royal Society
                2054-5703
                August 2020
                26 August 2020
                26 August 2020
                : 7
                : 8
                : 191535
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Université de technologie de Compiègne , ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60 319 - 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
                [2 ]Université de technologie de Compiègne , CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60 319 - 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
                Author notes
                Authors for correspondence: Antoine Fayeulle e-mail: antoine.fayeulle@ 123456utc.fr
                Authors for correspondence: Anne Le Goff e-mail: anne.le-goff@ 123456utc.fr

                Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5096382.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-1902
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-4892
                Article
                rsos191535
                10.1098/rsos.191535
                7481688
                32968492
                53490966-d117-49a5-838e-5e4c7802078d
                © 2020 The Authors.

                Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 September 2019
                : 5 August 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004794;
                Award ID: EC2CO MycoFlu project
                Funded by: Sorbonne Universités;
                Award ID: Emergence MycoFlu project
                Categories
                1001
                200
                1009
                25
                1004
                18
                Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                August, 2020

                fungi,microfluidics,growth
                fungi, microfluidics, growth

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