Developmental Expression of Neurotensin in Thyrotropes and Gonadotropes of Male and Female Rats

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Abstract

Besides its potential roles as a central neuromodulator or a hypothalamic neurohormone, neurotensin (NT) may also have endocrine function in the anterior pituitary of mammals. We previously found that NT immunoreactivity is present in the secretory granules of gonadotropes and thyrotropes in both male and female rats, where its levels of expression are under the control of sex steroids. In this work, using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have studied the postnatal development of NT-like immunoreactivity (NTir) and the mRNA encoding NT (mRNA-NT) in specific anterior pituitary cells of both male and female rats. NT expression starts after birth and displays an identical pattern in both sexes until sexual maturity, with mRNA-NT being detected from day 2 of postnatal life in thyrotropes localized in the central portion of the anterior lobe. This pattern of expression develops progressively throughout the 2nd and 3rd weeks in both sexes. By the beginning of the 3rd week, mRNA-NT can also be detected in gonadotropes localized in the periphery of the gland coinciding with a rise in serum estradiol concentrations in both sexes, and by day 21, mRNA-NT is extensively present in both the periphery and the central region. NTir is observed from days 5–6 in thyrotropes predominantly localized in the central portion of the anterior lobe, and by day 21, NTir is also detected in gonadotropes localized in the periphery of the gland. This pattern remains similar in both sexes until the time of puberty, when female rats start displaying plastic changes in NT expression according to the stage of the estrous cycle. These findings indicate that NT expression in the rat anterior pituitary is cell specific, and develops from birth to adulthood under the control of sex steroid hormones. In addition, preliminary data showing the presence of NT receptors in rat pituitary cells support the hypothesis of a paracrine or an autocrine role for this peptide within the pituitary.

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Neurotensin: peptide for the next millennium.

Beth Tyler-McMahon, Mona M Boules, Elliott Richelson (2000)

Neurotensin is an endogenous tridecapeptide neurotransmitter (pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Try-Ile-Leu-OH) that was discovered by Carraway and Leeman in bovine hypothalami in the early 1970s. Since then this peptide has been the subject of a multitude of articles detailing discoveries related to its activity, receptors, localization, synthesis, and interactions with other systems. This review article does not intend to summarize again all the history of this fascinating peptide and its receptors, since this has been done quite well by others. The reader will be directed to these other reviews, where appropriate. Instead, this review attempts to provide a summary of current knowledge about neurotensin, why it is an important peptide to study, and where the field is heading. Special emphasis is placed on the behavioral studies, particularly with reference to agonists, antagonists, and antisense studies, as well as, the interaction of neurotensin with other neurotransmitters.

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Extensive co-localization of neurotensin with dopamine in rat meso-cortico-frontal dopaminergic neurons.

J Tassin, P Kitabgi, J Studler … (1988)

In mammalian brain, dopaminergic (DA) cell bodies located in the ventral mesencephalon give rise to meso-cortical, meso-limbic and meso-striatal systems. Among these, the meso-cortical DA pathway is particularly involved in the processing of emotional and cognitive responses. We demonstrate that the rat meso-cortical neurons specifically contain, in addition to DA, another transmitter, Neurotensin. If this co-localization exists in man, it may provide an anatomical substratum for the biological theory of schizophrenia as well as an indication that potential anti-psychotic drugs which act differentially on the DA ascending transmissions can be developed.

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Phenotypical segregation among female rat hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons as revealed by the sexually dimorphic coexpression of cholecystokinin and neurotensin

P Ciofi (2000)

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): NEN

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroendocrinology

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0028-3835

Title: Neuroendocrinology

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 0028-3835

ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0194

Publication date Subscription-year: 2004

Publication date (Print): February 2004

Publication date (Electronic): 12 March 2004

Volume: 79

Issue: 2

Pages: 90-99

Affiliations

^aSection on Cell Biology, School of Biology, and ^bLaboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; ^cLaboratoire de Neurocytochimie Fonctionnelle, EA 2972, Talence, France

Article

Publisher ID: 76632 Other ID: Neuroendocrinology 2004;79:90–99

DOI: 10.1159/000076632

PubMed ID: 15004431

SO-VID: 5355d394-30cb-40c7-9138-35068455327a

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

History

Date received : 04 August 2003

Date accepted : 05 January 2004

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Figures: 6, Tables: 1, References: 24, Pages: 10

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Developmental Expression of Neurotensin in Thyrotropes and Gonadotropes of Male and Female Rats

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Karger: Endocrinology

Most cited references 6

Neurotensin: peptide for the next millennium.

Extensive co-localization of neurotensin with dopamine in rat meso-cortico-frontal dopaminergic neurons.

Phenotypical segregation among female rat hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons as revealed by the sexually dimorphic coexpression of cholecystokinin and neurotensin

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