15
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Epidemiology and clinical profile of pathogens responsible for the hospitalization of children in Sousse area, Tunisia

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          This study aimed to identify a broad spectrum of respiratory pathogens from hospitalized and not-preselected children with acute respiratory tract infections in the Farhat Hached University-hospital of Sousse, Tunisia. Between September 2013 and December 2014, samples from 372 children aged between 1 month and 5 years were collected, and tested using multiplex real-time RT-PCR by a commercial assay for 21 respiratory pathogens. In addition, samples were screened for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae 16S rDNA using real-time PCR. The viral distribution and its association with clinical symptoms were statistically analyzed. Viral pathogens were detected in 342 (91.93%) of the samples of which 28.76% were single positive and 63.17% had multiple infections. The most frequent detected viruses were rhinovirus (55.64%), respiratory syncytial virus A/B (33.06%), adenovirus (25.00%), coronavirus NL63, HKU1, OC43, and 229E (21.50%), and metapneumovirus A/B (16.12%). Children in the youngest age group (1–3 months) exhibited the highest frequencies of infection. Related to their frequency of detection, RSV A/B was the most associated pathogen with patient’s demographic situation and clinical manifestations (p<0.05). Parainfluenza virus 1–4 and parechovirus were found to increase the risk of death (p<0.05). Adenovirus was statistically associated to the manifestation of gastroenteritis (p = 0.004). Rhinovirus infection increases the duration of oxygen support (p = 0.042). Coronavirus group was statistically associated with the manifestation of bronchiolitis (p = 0.009) and laryngitis (p = 0.017). Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA was detected in 143 (38.44%) of tested samples. However, only 53 samples had a concentration of C-reactive protein from equal to higher than 20 milligrams per liter, and 6 of them were single positive for Streptocuccus pneumoniae. This study confirms the high incidence of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in the Sousse area, Tunisia.

          Related collections

          Most cited references42

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis

          Summary Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. Findings We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Interpretation Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. Funding WHO.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Detection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods.

            Clinical laboratories historically diagnose seven or eight respiratory virus infections using a combination of techniques including enzyme immunoassay, direct fluorescent antibody staining, cell culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests. With the discovery of six new respiratory viruses since 2000, laboratories are faced with the challenge of detecting up to 19 different viruses that cause acute respiratory disease of both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The application of nucleic acid amplification technology, particularly multiplex PCR coupled with fluidic or fixed microarrays, provides an important new approach for the detection of multiple respiratory viruses in a single test. These multiplex amplification tests provide a sensitive and comprehensive approach for the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in individual hospitalized patients and the identification of the etiological agent in outbreaks of respiratory tract infection in the community. This review describes the molecular methods used to detect respiratory viruses and discusses the contribution that molecular testing, especially multiplex PCR, has made to our ability to detect respiratory viruses and to increase our understanding of the roles of various viral agents in acute respiratory disease.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections.

              Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are among the leading causes of childhood mortality. Estimates of the number of children worldwide who die from ARI are needed in setting priorities for health care. To establish a relation between deaths due to ARI and all-cause deaths in children under 5 years we show that the proportion of deaths directly attributable to ARI declines from 23% to 18% and then 15% (95% confidence limits range from +/- 2% to +/- 3%) as under-5 mortality declines from 50 to 20 and then to 10/1000 per year. Much of the variability in estimates of ARI in children is shown to be inherent in the use of verbal autopsies. This analysis suggests that throughout the world 1.9 million (95% CI 1.6-2.2 million) children died from ARI in 2000, 70% of them in Africa and southeast Asia.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curation
                Role: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curation
                Role: Data curation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: SupervisionRole: Visualization
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Visualization
                Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisition
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Supervision
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                17 November 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 11
                : e0188325
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
                [2 ] Research Unit for Genomic Characterization of Infectious Agents UR12SP34, University-Hospital of Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
                [3 ] Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
                [4 ] Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
                [5 ] Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
                [6 ] Pediatric Service, University-Hospital of Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
                [7 ] Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
                Defense Threat Reduction Agency, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-6884
                Article
                PONE-D-17-16260
                10.1371/journal.pone.0188325
                5693464
                29149199
                53619944-2afc-4311-b439-8ce472130e16
                © 2017 Brini et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 27 April 2017
                : 3 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, Pages: 17
                Funding
                Funded by: FWF (Horos doctoral Program) Innsbruck
                Award ID: W1253-B24
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004409, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche Scientifique et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication;
                Award Recipient :
                The FWF (Horos doctoral Program, W1253-B24) and Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (HS): methodology of study. The Unit Research for Genomic Characterization of Infectious Agents UR12SP34 in Farhat Hached university-hospital of Sousse area in Tunisia and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Tunisia (J Boukadida): study design, data collection. The funders had no role in data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pulmonology
                Respiratory Infections
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Virology
                Viral Transmission and Infection
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Bacteria
                Streptococcus
                Pneumococcus
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Streptococcus
                Pneumococcus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Streptococcus
                Pneumococcus
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Viruses
                Viral Pathogens
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                Biology and life sciences
                Organisms
                Viruses
                RNA viruses
                Paramyxoviruses
                Respiratory Syncytial Virus
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Paramyxoviruses
                Respiratory Syncytial Virus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Paramyxoviruses
                Respiratory Syncytial Virus
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Viruses
                Viral Pathogens
                Paramyxoviruses
                Respiratory Syncytial Virus
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article